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aktuelle.kurse/m114/Tag4/02_RLE_Lauflängencodierung

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2022-05-15 21:40:59 +02:00
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RLE-Komprimierung - Laufl&auml;ngencodierung </h1>
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Letztes Update am <strong>Dienstag 14 November 2017 &agrave; 06:53</strong> von Silke Grasreiner. </div>
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<p><img class="typo_content__img--first" src="https://img-18.ccm2.net/_uVOWA2K3oHaiXxB7jRGo-K-Nh8=/220x/703c3cd26e9848f0b28f8fc1fda5c9c6/ccm-encyclopedia/file_cut_tkacchuk_123RF_34315650_512.png" alt="" width="220" style="display:block;float:right;clear:none;" border="0"><br>
Die Laufl&auml;ngencodierung oder RLE-Komprimierung ist ein Kompressionsalgorithmus, der zum Beispiel bei Bildern im JPEG-Format angewendet wird. Dabei werden l&auml;ngere Wiederholungen von Symbolen durch neue Symbole ersetzt, die Zeichenkette wird damit verk&uuml;rzt und die Datei so reduziert.</p>
<h2 id="verkettung-von-punkten">Verkettung von Punkten</h2>
<p>Die <b>Verkettung von Punkten</b> ist eine Methode, mit der Punkte auf optimale Weise gespeichert werden k&ouml;nnen: Bei einem Schwarz-Wei&szlig;-Bild gibt es nur zwei Farben. Ein Bildpunkt kann also auf einem <a href="https://de.ccm.net/contents/501-der-binaercode">Bit</a> codiert werden, um so Speicherplatz zu sparen.</p>
<h2 id="rle-komprimierung">RLE-Komprimierung</h2>
<p><b>RLE</b> (<i>Run Length Encoding</i>, manchmal auch <b>RLC</b> genannt (<i>Run Length Coding</i>), wird bei vielen Bildformaten benutzt (zum Beispiel <a href="https://de.ccm.net/contents/666-bmp-format">BMP</a>, PCX und TIFF). Diese Komprimierungsmethode beruht auf der Verk&uuml;rzung von Wiederholungen aufeinanderfolgender Elemente.</p>
<p>Das Grundprinzip besteht darin, ein erstes Element zu codieren, dann die Anzahl an Wiederholungen eines Wertes anzugeben und sie dann durch den zu wiederholenden Wert zu vervollst&auml;ndigen. So ergibt die Reihe <b>AAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHH</b> nach diesem Prinzip in komprimierter Form <b>5A14H</b>. Der Gewinn durch die Komprimierung entspricht (19-5)/19, also etwa 73,7 Prozent. F&uuml;r die Kette "TRITTBRETT", in der die Redundanz der Zeichen gering ist, ergibt das Ergebnis der Komprimierung "1T1R1I2T1B1R1E2T". Die Komprimierung erweist sich hier als nicht sinnvoll, da mit einem Verlust von (10-16)/10, also minus 60 Prozent.</p>
<p>Die RLE-Komprimierung hat deshalb besondere Regeln, die eine Komprimierung erm&ouml;glichen, wenn es erforderlich ist, und eine Kette so lassen, wie sie ist, wenn die Komprimierung zu einem Verlust f&uuml;hrt. Diese Regeln sind folgende:</p>
<p>Wenn drei Elemente oder mehr sich aufeinanderfolgend wiederholen, wird die RLE-Komprimierung angewandt.</p>
<p>Ansonsten wird ein Kontrollzeichen (<b>00</b>) eingef&uuml;gt, gefolgt von einer Anzahl von Elementen der nicht komprimierten Kette und dann von der kompromierten Kette selbst.</p>
<p>Ist die Zahl der Elemente der Kette ungerade, wird das Kontrollzeichen (<b>00</b>) am Ende hinzugef&uuml;gt.</p>
<p>Au&szlig;erdem gelten die diese spezifischen Kontrollzeichen:</p>
<p><b>00 01</b> f&uuml;r ein Zeilenende,</p>
<p><b>00 00</b> f&uuml;r ein Bildende und</p>
<p><b>00 02 XX YY</b> f&uuml;r eine Verschiebung des Zeigers im Bild um XX Spalten und YY Linien.</p>
<p>So ergibt die RLE-Komprimierung nur einen Sinn f&uuml;r solche Daten, die zahlreiche aufeinanderfolgende, also redundante Elemente besitzen, insbesondere f&uuml;r Bilder, die gro&szlig;e gleichf&ouml;rmige Teile enthalten. Die Methode hat den Vorteil, leicht einsetzbar zu sein. Es gibt Varianten, in denen das Bild durch Punktbl&ouml;cke nach Zeilen oder sogar im Zickzack codiert ist:</p>
<p><span style="text-align:center;clear:both;display: block;"><img src="https://img-18.ccm2.net/vGpBSX5Hm3Qiv9Oi20WLHQgcqKU=/168x/eae5a8caae254aefada6cd03639cea90/ccm-encyclopedia/video-images-droit.gif" alt="compression RLE" width="168" border="0"></span><br>
<span style="text-align:center;clear:both;display: block;"><img src="https://img-18.ccm2.net/wkTp-_EVl7TvxB8iRh0Ccr0ZFoU=/168x/edd02365e89949beb688c8e2d9c4d9f2/ccm-encyclopedia/video-images-vertical.gif" alt="" width="168" border="0"></span><br>
<span style="text-align:center;clear:both;display: block;"><img src="https://img-18.ccm2.net/gF_DcKNqaM_KCgOTWACVwCz_T8w=/168x/dad12a711c2e43d98c6d22b1fb76d33d/ccm-encyclopedia/video-images-zigzag.gif" alt="" width="168" border="0"></span><br>
<span class="signature">Foto: &copy; tkacchuk - 123RF.com</span> </p><!--es:es.ccm.net/contents/713-la-compresion-rle--><!--de:de.ccm.net/contents/665-rle-komprimierung--><!--fr:www.commentcamarche.net/contents/1194-compression-rle--><!--it:it.ccm.net/contents/695-compressione-rle--><!--pt:br.ccm.net/contents/714-a-compressao-rle-->
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<div id="jGoPrev" class="ccm_go_prev" style="display: block;">
<a href="/contents/663-png-format">
<span>PNG</span>
</a>
</div>
<div id="jGoNext" class="ccm_go_next" style="display: block;">
<a href="/contents/666-bmp-format" title="">
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</a>
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<aside class="app_edito_na app_edito_na--above" data-sponsor="${sponsoredBy}" id="${id}">
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<script type="application/x-microTemplate" id="template_ba_native_mtf">
<aside class="app_edito_na app_edito_na--inside" data-sponsor="${sponsoredBy}" id="${id}">
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<div>
<h4 class="app_edito_title_2">${title}</h4>
<p>
${description}
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<button class="app_edito_btn">${cta}</button>
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</a>
</aside>
</script>
<script type="application/x-microTemplate" id="template_ba_native_btf">
<aside class="app_edito_na app_edito_na--inside" data-sponsor="${sponsoredBy}" id="${id}">
<span class="adchoice_ctn"></span>
<a href="${link}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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<div>
<h4 class="app_edito_title_2">${title}</h4>
<p>
${description}
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<button class="app_edito_btn">${cta}</button>
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</a>
</aside>
</script>
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})(jQuery);
</script>
<style>
#form_myfav.zoomed textarea[name=bookmarks] { height: 400px }
</style>
<script type="application/x-ccmBoxes-box">
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<style type="text/css">
/* place fancybox 150px from top of the viewport */
div#fancybox-wrap {z-index: 2147483644 !important;}
.fancybox-title {top: -36px !important}
</style>
</div>
<div class="jLoaderBouncing loader-bouncing--wrapper">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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