tbz-repos/aktuelle.kurse
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://gitlab.com/harald.mueller/aktuelle.kurse.git synced 2024-11-23 18:21:56 +01:00
Code Issues Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

muh

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Harald G. Mueller 2023-02-02 09:00:43 +01:00
parent f8df45d5e9
commit a442ca4719
18 changed files with 25 additions and 5221 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

BIN
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokoll HTTP/05 - WebFilius.fls
View File

Binary file not shown.

9
m239/40 - Protokolle/readme.md
View File

@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ Verweis: https://http2.github.io/
9:03 min, E, YouTube, 1.11.2016 9:03 min, E, YouTube, 1.11.2016
Verweis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G1ueMDgwxw Verweis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G1ueMDgwxw
### Aufgaben/Arbeitsblatt zu HTTP und URL
- Arbeitsblatt mit 17 Aufgaben zum selber (im Team zu 2 Pers) bearbeiten. Dauer ca. 100 min.
<br>[x-ressources/16%20-%20m239_URL_Spez.pdf](x-ressources/16%20-%20m239_URL_Spez.pdf)
- Arbeitsblatt "HTTP Protokoll"
<br>Ablauf, Client-Anfrage, GET-Methode, POST-Methode, Laborübung: Network Analyzer / Packet Sniffer
<br>[](x-ressources/15 - HTTP-Protokoll mit Labor.pdf)
## WebDAV ## WebDAV

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokolle SMTP, IMAP, POP3 (E-Mail-Protokolle)/02 - M239_mail_tecchannel_V0.3.pdf → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/02 - M239_mail_tecchannel_V0.3.pdf
View File

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokoll HTTP/13 - M239_hands-on_HTTP_v1.6.pdf → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/13 - M239_hands-on_HTTP_v1.6.pdf
View File

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokolle SMTP, IMAP, POP3 (E-Mail-Protokolle)/14 - TelnetSMTP-TestTool.exe → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/14 - TelnetSMTP-TestTool.exe
View File

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokoll HTTP/15 - HTTP-Protokoll mit Labor.pdf → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/15 - HTTP-Protokoll mit Labor.pdf
View File

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/Protokoll HTTP/16 - m239_URL_Spez.pdf → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/16 - m239_URL_Spez.pdf
View File

0
m239/40 - Protokolle/bitKinex-ohnePW.ds.txt → m239/40 - Protokolle/x-ressources/bitKinex-ohnePW.ds.txt
View File

2
m239/70 - Tests/README.md
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
- Dokumentation verschiedener Testarten (die Mind-Map wurde aus diesem Text erstellt) - Dokumentation verschiedener Testarten (die Mind-Map wurde aus diesem Text erstellt)
<br>Verweis: [../ 02 - Unterlagen Theorie/M239 Compendio B 7 - Systemtest und Dokumentation vorbereiten.pdf](../02%20-%20Unterlagen%20Theorie/M239%20Compendio%20B%207%20-%20Systemtest%20und%20Dokumentation%20vorbereiten.pdf) <br>Verweis: [../02 - Unterlagen Theorie/M239 Compendio B 7 - Systemtest und Dokumentation vorbereiten.pdf](../02%20-%20Unterlagen%20Theorie/M239%20Compendio%20B%207%20-%20Systemtest%20und%20Dokumentation%20vorbereiten.pdf)
![M239_Internetserver_Tests_Mindmap.png](M239_Internetserver_Tests_Mindmap.png) ![M239_Internetserver_Tests_Mindmap.png](M239_Internetserver_Tests_Mindmap.png)

439
m239/90 - Tools/99 - Weitere/Netcat
View File

@ -1,439 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs" lang="de" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Netcat – Wikipedia</title>
<script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","März","April","Mai","Juni","Juli","August","September","Oktober","November","Dezember"],"wgRequestId":"f471b3db-2162-42d3-9e92-069e26cfecb4","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Netcat","wgTitle":"Netcat","wgCurRevisionId":227453138,"wgRevisionId":227453138,"wgArticleId":748458,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Systemsoftware","Portscanner","Unix-Software","Linux-Software"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"de","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Netcat","wgRelevantArticleId":748458,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],
"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":227453138,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"de","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"de"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgVector2022PreviewPages":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":4,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"Deutsch","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":false,"newtopictool":false,"sourcemodetoolbar":false,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"visual","wgDiscussionToolsABTestBucket":"test","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,
"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q306070","GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.flaggedRevs.icons":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init",
"ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.gadget.CommonsDirekt","ext.gadget.desktopHauptseite","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});});});</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%2Cicons%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=de&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector"></script>
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.40.0-wmf.17"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-crossorigin"/>
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/>
<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"/>
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Netcat.png"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="766"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Netcat.png"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="800"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="511"/>
<meta property="og:image:width" content="640"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="409"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"/>
<meta property="og:title" content="Netcat – Wikipedia"/>
<meta property="og:type" content="website"/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"/>
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Seite bearbeiten" href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/>
<link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (de)"/>
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/>
<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>
</head>
<body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Netcat rootpage-Netcat skin-vector action-view vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-language-alert-in-sidebar-enabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-edit-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-enabled vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> </div>
<div class="mw-indicators">
</div>
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Netcat</span></h1>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body">
<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie</div>
<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
<div id="contentSub2"></div>
<div id="jump-to-nav"></div>
<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Zur Navigation springen</a>
<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Zur Suche springen</a>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Netcat.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Netcat.png/330px-Netcat.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="211" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Netcat.png 1.5x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="249" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Netcat.png" class="internal" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">Screenshot</a> einer Anwendungsmöglichkeit von Netcat</div></div></div>
<p><b>Netcat</b>, auch <b>nc</b> genannt, ist ein einfaches Werkzeug, um Daten von der <a href="/wiki/Standard-Datenstr%C3%B6me" title="Standard-Datenströme">Standardein- oder -ausgabe</a> über <a href="/wiki/Rechnernetz" title="Rechnernetz">Netzwerkverbindungen</a> zu transportieren. Es arbeitet als <a href="/wiki/Server" title="Server">Server</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Client" title="Client">Client</a> mit den Protokollen <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> und <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/Manpage" title="Manpage">Manpage</a> bezeichnet es als <i>TCP/IP swiss army knife</i> (<a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Taschenmesser" title="Schweizer Taschenmesser">Schweizer Taschenmesser</a> für <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a>).
</p><p>Das ursprüngliche Programm wurde 1996 von einer unbekannten Person mit dem Pseudonym <i>Hobbit</i> für die <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-Plattform geschrieben und ist inzwischen auf praktisch alle <a href="/wiki/Plattform_(Computer)" title="Plattform (Computer)">Plattformen</a> portiert worden.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Anwendung"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Anwendung</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Anwendungsbeispiele"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Anwendungsbeispiele</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Einfaches_Dateikopieren"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Einfaches Dateikopieren</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Mehrere_Dateien_kopieren"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mehrere Dateien kopieren</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Einmal-Webserver_zum_Dateitransfer"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Einmal-Webserver zum Dateitransfer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Komplexes_Firewallumgehen"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Komplexes Firewallumgehen</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sicherheit"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sicherheit</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Verschlüsselung"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Verschlüsselung</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Missbrauch"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Missbrauch</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Ports_und_Weiterentwicklungen"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Ports und Weiterentwicklungen</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Anwendung">Anwendung</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anwendung">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anwendung">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Netcat ist ein typisches Unix-Programm, das die grundlegende <a href="/wiki/Unix-Philosophie" title="Unix-Philosophie">Unix-Philosophie</a> implementiert. Insbesondere arbeitet Netcat mit der <i>universellen Schnittstelle</i> von Datenströmen, ohne dabei deren Inhalt weiter klassifizieren zu müssen.
Da Netcat ganz abstrakt mit sämtlichen Datenströmen arbeiten kann, lassen sich beliebig komplexe Arbeitsabläufe mit Netcat realisieren, vom einfachen Kopieren von <a href="/wiki/Datei" title="Datei">Dateien</a> über <a href="/wiki/Datenstrom" title="Datenstrom">Streamen</a> von Datenbeständen bis hin zu komplexen <a href="/wiki/Proxy_(Rechnernetz)" title="Proxy (Rechnernetz)">Proxy</a>- oder <a href="/wiki/Gateway_(Informatik)" title="Gateway (Informatik)">Gateway</a>-Diensten über Netzwerkgrenzen hinweg.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Syntax">Syntax</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Syntax">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Syntax">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Netcat_simple.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Netcat_simple.svg/330px-Netcat_simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Netcat_simple.svg/495px-Netcat_simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Netcat_simple.svg/660px-Netcat_simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="454" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Netcat_simple.svg" class="internal" title="vergrößern und Informationen zum Bild anzeigen"></a></div>Netcat kann beliebigen Anwendungen zu „Netzwerkfähigkeit“ verhelfen</div></div></div>
<p>Es gibt unterschiedliche Implementierungen von netcat, welche sich unter anderem in der Syntax unterscheiden. Im Folgenden ist die ursprüngliche Variante von <i>Hobbit</i> beschrieben.
</p><p>Grundsätzlich unterscheidet Netcat zwischen zwei verschiedenen Modi:
</p>
<dl><dt>Server</dt>
<dd><code>netcat -l -p <i>lokalport</i></code> (<i>lokalport</i> ist ein lokaler <a href="/wiki/Port_(Protokoll)" title="Port (Protokoll)">Port</a>)</dd>
<dd>Nach dem Aufruf wartet („lauscht“: -l) Netcat auf dem mit -p angegebenen Port für unbegrenzte Zeit auf eine eingehende Verbindung. Nachdem eine Verbindung aufgebaut und wieder geschlossen wurde, beendet Netcat sich.</dd>
<dt>Client</dt>
<dd><code>netcat <i>zielserver</i> <i>zielport</i></code></dd>
<dd>Hier ist <i>zielserver</i> der <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">Hostname</a> oder die <a href="/wiki/IP-Adresse" title="IP-Adresse">IP-Adresse</a> eines <a href="/wiki/Hostrechner" title="Hostrechner">Hosts</a>, mit dem Netcat sich verbinden soll, und <i>zielport</i> eine Portnummer, zum Beispiel 80 bei <a href="/wiki/HTTP" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>-Server. Unter Angabe des <a href="/wiki/Flag_(Informatik)" title="Flag (Informatik)">Flags</a> -u verwendet Netcat statt TCP das verbindungslose UDP. In diesem <i>Client</i>-Modus muss auf dem Zielrechner und -port schon eine <i>Server</i>-Anwendung warten, andernfalls beendet sich Netcat mit einem Fehler.</dd></dl>
<p>In beiden Fällen gibt Netcat über Netzwerk einkommende Daten auf der <a href="/wiki/Standardausgabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardausgabe">Standardausgabe</a> aus, während per <a href="/wiki/Standardeingabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardeingabe">Standardeingabe</a> eingelesene Daten über das Netzwerk an den Kommunikationspartner geschickt werden. Werden diese Ein- und Ausgaben nicht umgeleitet, kann der Anwender diese eingeben und lesen, d.&#160;h. hier fungieren die zwei Netcat-Aufrufe als ein einfaches Chat-Programm.
Durch Umleitung oder Verwendung von <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(Informatik)" title="Pipe (Informatik)">Pipes</a> oder <a href="/wiki/First_In_%E2%80%93_First_Out" title="First In – First Out">FIFOs</a> kann Netcat in vielen Fällen Netzwerkkommunikationsfähigkeiten ermöglichen, wo sie nicht implementiert sind, zum Beispiel in <a href="/wiki/Betriebssystem-Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Betriebssystem-Shell">Shells</a>. So ist die oben rechts dargestellte Illustration allgemein gültig, da <i>stdin</i> und <i>stdout</i> beliebig angepasst werden können.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Anwendungsbeispiele">Anwendungsbeispiele</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anwendungsbeispiele">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anwendungsbeispiele">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Einfaches_Dateikopieren">Einfaches Dateikopieren</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einfaches Dateikopieren">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einfaches Dateikopieren">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Die Datei mit dem Namen <code>original</code> vom Computer <i>start</i> soll unter dem Namen <code>kopie</code> auf einem Computer <i>ziel</i> abgelegt werden, wobei der Transfer via TCP-<a href="/wiki/Port_(Protokoll)" title="Port (Protokoll)">Port</a> 2000 abgewickelt wird. Auf einer Shell am Computer <i>ziel</i> wird dafür Netcat im Server-Modus gestartet. Die Standardausgabe wird mit dem Umleitungsoperator in die Datei <code>kopie</code> umgeleitet:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$ netcat -l -p <span class="m">2000</span> &gt; kopie
</pre></div>
<p>Nachdem der Server auf Computer <i>ziel</i> läuft, kann auf Computer <i>start</i> in einer Shell Netcat im Client-Modus gestartet werden. Mithilfe eines Umleitungsoperators liest die Shell den Inhalt der Datei <code>original</code> aus und schreibt ihn in die Standardeingabe des aufgerufenen <i>netcat</i>-Prozesses:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$ netcat ziel <span class="m">2000</span> &lt; original
</pre></div>
<p>Im fehlerlosen Fall erzeugt weder die Netcat-Instanz auf Computer <i>start</i>, noch auf Computer <i>ziel</i> irgendwelche Ausgaben auf der Shell. Sie beenden sich nach Fertigstellung des Transfers (da die Shell durch den '&lt;'-Operator bedingt automatisch ein <i>EOF</i>-Zeichen sendet).
Auf weitere eingehende Daten wartet die Instanz auf dem Computer <i>ziel</i>, wenn sie mit dem Parameter <i>-k</i> gestartet wird. In diesem Fall muss sie zum Beispiel per Tastenkombination <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Strg" class="mw-redirect" title="Strg">Strg</a></kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">C</kbd> beendet werden.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mehrere_Dateien_kopieren">Mehrere Dateien kopieren</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Mehrere Dateien kopieren">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Mehrere Dateien kopieren">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Nach demselben Schema laufen die meisten Dateiübertragungsszenarien, die sich Netcat zunutze machen. Eine alltäglichere Abwandlung dieses Szenarios ist die zusätzliche Verwendung des Packerprogramms <a href="/wiki/Tar_(Packprogramm)" title="Tar (Packprogramm)">tar</a>, mit welchem komplette <a href="/wiki/Verzeichnisstruktur" title="Verzeichnisstruktur">Verzeichnisstrukturen</a> über Netzwerk kopiert werden können. Typischerweise kommt es in diesen Szenarien zu regelrechten Kaskaden von Programmen, die mittels Pipes miteinander verbunden sind, zum Beispiel in Anlehnung an das obige Beispiel ein Kommando auf dem Client-Rechner:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$ tar vc * <span class="p">|</span> gzip <span class="p">|</span> netcat ziel <span class="m">2000</span>
</pre></div>
<p>sowie dazugehörig ein analoges Kommando auf dem Zielrechner:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$ netcat -l -p <span class="m">2000</span> <span class="p">|</span> gunzip <span class="p">|</span> tar vx
</pre></div>
<p>In diesem Beispiel werden alle Dateien im aktuellen Arbeitsverzeichnis von <code>tar</code> zu einem Stream gepackt, der über die Standardausgabe ausgegeben wird, von dem Kompressionsprogramm <a href="/wiki/Gzip" title="Gzip">gzip</a> komprimiert wird und dann über Netcat an eine Netcat-Serverinstanz auf dem Zielrechner geschickt wird, von gzip wieder dekomprimiert wird und von tar wieder zu einer Verzeichnisstruktur entpackt wird.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Einmal-Webserver_zum_Dateitransfer">Einmal-Webserver zum Dateitransfer</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einmal-Webserver zum Dateitransfer">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einmal-Webserver zum Dateitransfer">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Statt eines Netcat-zu-Netcat Transfers kann Netcat auch die Sprache höherer Protokolle sprechen, wie zum Beispiel <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a>. Folgendes Kommando startet einen Webserver auf dem <a href="/wiki/Localhost" title="Localhost">lokalen Computer</a>, welcher dem ersten Webbrowser die Datei <i>hallo.txt</i> präsentiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="o">(</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;HTTP/1.0 200 Ok&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span> echo<span class="p">;</span> cat hallo.txt<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">|</span> netcat -l <span class="m">8090</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Zum Abrufen wird im Webbrowser die <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> <code>http://localhost:8090/</code> eingegeben. Dieser zeigt dann einen Speicherdialog oder die Datei direkt an.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Komplexes_Firewallumgehen">Komplexes Firewallumgehen</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Komplexes Firewallumgehen">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Komplexes Firewallumgehen">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Netcat lässt sich ähnlich leicht dazu verwenden, Ports umzuleiten und so beispielsweise gezielt unzureichende <a href="/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall">Firewalls</a> zu umgehen. Solche Anwendungsszenarien können schnell in eine rechtliche Grauzone gelangen, siehe dazu <a href="#Missbrauch">Missbrauch durch Netcat</a>.
</p>
<div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Netcat_proxy.svg" class="image" title="Netcat in der Verwendung mit inetd"><img alt="Netcat in der Verwendung mit inetd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Netcat_proxy.svg/400px-Netcat_proxy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="121" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Netcat_proxy.svg/600px-Netcat_proxy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Netcat_proxy.svg/800px-Netcat_proxy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="454" /></a></div></div>
<p>Die obige Grafik illustriert die Verwendung von Netcat als offenen Proxyserver, in Kombination mit <a href="/wiki/Inetd" title="Inetd">inetd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Wenn beispielsweise der mit <i>Client</i> beschriftete Host keine direkte Verbindung mit einem speziellen TCP-Port des mit <i>Server</i> beschrifteten Hosts aufbauen kann, so kann er sich den obigen Aufbau zunutze machen, in dem er statt der direkten Verbindung zum Server eine Verbindung zu einem speziellen TCP-Port des mit <i>Proxy</i> beschrifteten Host aufbaut, an dem <i>inetd</i> lauscht. Dieser ruft daraufhin eine Netcat-Clientinstanz auf, die ihrerseits (voreingestellt) eine Verbindung zu dem TCP-Port des eigentlichen Servers aufbaut. Nun werden alle Ausgaben des eigentlichen Servers unverändert über Netcat und Inetd an den Client durchgereicht und umgekehrt. Auf diese Weise kann der Client völlig <a href="/wiki/Transparenz_(Computersystem)" title="Transparenz (Computersystem)">transparent</a> mit dem eigentlichen Server kommunizieren, als wäre der Proxy gar nicht vorhanden.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sicherheit">Sicherheit</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheit">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheit">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Netcat wird oft mit sicherheitsrelevanten Fragen in Verbindung gebracht. Hierbei treten üblicherweise zwei essentielle Fragestellungen auf.
</p>
<h3><span id="Verschl.C3.BCsselung"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Verschlüsselung">Verschlüsselung</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verschlüsselung">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verschlüsselung">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Netcat ändert grundsätzlich nicht den <a href="/wiki/Datenstrom" title="Datenstrom">Datenstrom</a>. Daher verschlüsselt Netcat auch die zu übertragenden Daten nicht, bevor sie den Computer verlassen. Eine Verschlüsselung lässt sich im Anwendungsszenario beispielsweise durch Pipes vorschalten (siehe oben) oder es muss eine der <a href="#Ports_und_Weiterentwicklungen">Netcat-Weiterentwicklungen</a> verwendet werden. Alternativ muss von vorneherein zu Programmen gegriffen werden, bei denen Verschlüsselung ein zentraler Bestandteil ist, zum Beispiel der <a href="/wiki/OpenSSL" title="OpenSSL">OpenSSL</a>-Client/Server als <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL</a>-Implementierung oder <a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a> bzw. <a href="/wiki/Secure_Copy" title="Secure Copy">Secure Copy</a> (SCP) zum sicheren Streamen oder Kopieren von Daten.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Missbrauch">Missbrauch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Missbrauch">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Missbrauch">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Durch seine Universalität kann Netcat auch verwendet werden, um beispielsweise <a href="/wiki/Backdoor" title="Backdoor">Backdoors</a> auf einem System einzurichten. So stufen diverse Antivirenprogramme, unter anderem <a href="/wiki/McAfee_VirusScan" title="McAfee VirusScan">McAfee VirusScan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikarus_Security_Software" title="Ikarus Security Software">Ikarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/AntiVir" class="mw-redirect" title="AntiVir">Avira AntiVir</a>, <a href="/wiki/AVG_Antivirus" title="AVG Antivirus">AVG Antivirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norton_AntiVirus" title="Norton AntiVirus">Norton AntiVirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Anti-Virus" title="Kaspersky Anti-Virus">Kaspersky Anti-Virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophos" title="Sophos">Sophos</a> AntiVirus und <a href="/wiki/G_Data_Antivirus" title="G Data Antivirus">G Data Antivirus</a>, das Programm <code>nc.exe</code> als schädliches oder potentiell unerwünschtes Programm ein und verhindern dessen Ausführung.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ports_und_Weiterentwicklungen">Ports und Weiterentwicklungen</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ports und Weiterentwicklungen">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ports und Weiterentwicklungen">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Chris Wysopal hat Netcat auf <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> portiert. <i><a href="/wiki/GNU-Projekt" title="GNU-Projekt">GNU</a> Netcat</i> ist eine komplette Reimplementierung und wird von Giovanni Giacobbi betreut.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> Netcat</i> ist eine weitere Reimplementierung, die aber nicht komplett kompatibel zum Ur-netcat ist, da die Syntax an OpenBSD-Standards angepasst wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Andreas Bischoff hat die Windows-Version auf <i><a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pocket_PC" title="Microsoft Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a></i> und <i><a href="/wiki/Handheld_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Handheld PC">Handheld PC</a>)</i> portiert.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Cryptcat ist eine Weiterentwicklung von Netcat, die Verschlüsselung implementiert.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Socat ist eine Reimplementation und kann außer TCP und UDP auch <a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a> verwenden, über <a href="/wiki/Proxy_(Rechnernetz)" title="Proxy (Rechnernetz)">Proxyserver</a> arbeiten und unterstützt ebenfalls Verschlüsselung.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Eine weitere nicht vollständig kompatible Variante ist Netcat6, das auch <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> unterstützt und diverse Performance-Optimierungen enthält, unter anderem den <a href="/wiki/Nagle-Algorithmus" title="Nagle-Algorithmus">Nagle-Algorithmus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Auch der Portscanner <a href="/wiki/Nmap" title="Nmap">Nmap</a> liefert eine um viele Features ergänzte Netcat-Reimplementierung namens Ncat mit. Diese kann auch über IPv6, SCTP und <i><a href="/wiki/Unix_Domain_Socket" title="Unix Domain Socket">Unix Domain Sockets</a></i> kommunizieren und HTTP- und <a href="/wiki/SOCKS" title="SOCKS">SOCKS</a>-Proxys verwenden (ersteres auch serverseitig). An Sicherheits-Features unterstützt Ncat <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL</a> für Verschlüsselung und Authentifizierung sowie Zugangsbeschränkungen auf <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">Hostname</a>-Basis. Des Weiteren sind ein zum Datenaustausch zwischen mehreren Clients dienender <i>Connection-Brokering</i>-Modus und ein darauf aufbauender einfacher <a href="/wiki/Chat" title="Chat">Chat</a>-Server enthalten.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Weblinks">Weblinks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sec=1">nc(1)</a></code>&#58;&#160;arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> General Commands <a href="/wiki/Manpage" title="Manpage">Manual</a></li>
<li><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manpages.debian.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?apropos=0&amp;format=html&amp;query=nc&amp;sektion=1&amp;locale=de">nc(1)</a></code>&#58;&#160;TCP/IP swiss army knife&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian GNU/Linux</a> Ausführbare Programme oder Shell-Befehle <a href="/wiki/Manpage" title="Manpage">Handbuchseite</a></li>
<li><span class="cite">Johannes Franken:&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfranken.de/homepages/johannes/vortraege/netcat.de.html"><i>Netcat: Anwendungsbeispiele.</i></a>&#32;12.&#160;August 2006&#44;<span class="Abrufdatum">&#32;abgerufen am 3.&#160;März 2009</span>&#32;(Vortrag).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANetcat&amp;rft.title=Netcat%3A+Anwendungsbeispiele&amp;rft.description=Netcat%3A+Anwendungsbeispiele&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfranken.de%2Fhomepages%2Fjohannes%2Fvortraege%2Fnetcat.de.html&amp;rft.creator=Johannes+Franken">&#160;</span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise">Bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise">Quelltext bearbeiten</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Angemerkt sei, dass die Verwendung von <i>inetd</i> in dem Beispiel nicht notwendig wäre, eine (zweite) Netcat-Serverinstanz könnte die gleiche Aufgabe übernehmen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/cgi-bin/virauto.cgi?vid=4294906932">Signatur von Netcat</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Inc." title="Broadcom Inc.">Symantec</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://netcat.sourceforge.net/"><i>GNU Netcat</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/nc/"><i>OpenBSD netcat</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dr-bischoff.de/wince/Andreas_WINCE_stuff.html#netcat"><i>Netcat 4 wince</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cryptcat/">Cryptcat</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/">Socat</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepspace6.net/projects/netcat6.html">Netcat6</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nmap.org/ncat/">Ncat</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div><noscript><img src="//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript>
<div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;oldid=227453138">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;oldid=227453138</a>“</div></div>
<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Systemsoftware" title="Kategorie:Systemsoftware">Systemsoftware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Portscanner" title="Kategorie:Portscanner">Portscanner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Unix-Software" title="Kategorie:Unix-Software">Unix-Software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Linux-Software" title="Kategorie:Linux-Software">Linux-Software</a></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mw-navigation">
<h2>Navigationsmenü</h2>
<div id="mw-head">
<nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-personal-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&amp;returnto=Netcat" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span>Benutzerkonto erstellen</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&amp;returnto=Netcat" title="Anmelden ist zwar keine Pflicht, wird aber gerne gesehen. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Anmelden</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<div id="left-navigation">
<nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-namespaces-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namensräume</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Netcat" title="Seiteninhalt anzeigen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Netcat" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion zum Seiteninhalt [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" >
<input type="checkbox"
id="p-variants-checkbox"
role="button"
aria-haspopup="true"
data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants"
class="vector-menu-checkbox"
aria-labelledby="p-variants-label"
/>
<label
id="p-variants-label"
aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Deutsch</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="right-navigation">
<nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-views-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ansichten</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Netcat"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=edit" title="Diese Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=history" title="Frühere Versionen dieser Seite [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown-noicon vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" title="Weitere Optionen" >
<input type="checkbox"
id="p-cactions-checkbox"
role="button"
aria-haspopup="true"
data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions"
class="vector-menu-checkbox"
aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label"
/>
<label
id="p-cactions-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Weitere</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
<div>
<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"
class="vector-search-box-form">
<div id="simpleSearch"
class="vector-search-box-inner"
data-search-loc="header-navigation">
<input class="vector-search-box-input"
type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia durchsuchen" aria-label="Wikipedia durchsuchen" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Durchsuche die Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
>
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche">
<input id="mw-searchButton"
class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Suche nach Seiten, die diesen Text enthalten" value="Suchen">
<input id="searchButton"
class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Gehe direkt zu der Seite mit genau diesem Namen, falls sie vorhanden ist." value="Artikel">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar">
<div id="p-logo" role="banner">
<a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite"
title="Hauptseite"></a>
</div>
<nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-navigation-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite besuchen [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hauptseite</span></a></li><li id="n-topics" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wikipedia_nach_Themen"><span>Themenportale</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Zufällige Seite aufrufen [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Zufälliger Artikel</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-Mitmachen" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Mitmachen vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Mitmachen-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-Mitmachen-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Mitmachen</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Artikel-verbessern" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Beteiligen"><span>Artikel verbessern</span></a></li><li id="n-Neuerartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Neuen_Artikel_anlegen"><span>Neuen Artikel anlegen</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autorenportal" title="Info-Zentrum über Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten"><span>Autorenportal</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:%C3%9Cbersicht" title="Übersicht über Hilfeseiten"><span>Hilfe</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="Liste der letzten Änderungen in Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Letzte Änderungen</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt" title="Kontaktmöglichkeiten"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_de.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=de" title="Unterstütze uns"><span>Spenden</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-tb-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Werkzeuge</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Netcat" title="Liste aller Seiten, die hierher verlinken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links auf diese Seite</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Netcat" rel="nofollow" title="Letzte Änderungen an Seiten, die von hier verlinkt sind [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Änderungen an verlinkten Seiten</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten" title="Liste aller Spezialseiten [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spezialseiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;oldid=227453138" title="Dauerhafter Link zu dieser Seitenversion"><span>Permanenter Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Seiten­informationen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&amp;page=Netcat&amp;id=227453138&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Artikel zitieren</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q306070" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-coll-print_export-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Drucken/­exportieren</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Buch&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Netcat"><span>Buch erstellen</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Netcat&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" role="navigation" >
<h3
id="p-lang-label"
class="vector-menu-heading "
>
<span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span>
</h3>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="نت‌کت – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat" title="Netcat – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul>
<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q306070#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" >
<ul id="footer-info">
<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 29. Oktober 2022 um 11:12 Uhr bearbeitet.</li>
<li id="footer-info-copyright"><div id="footer-info-copyright-stats" class="noprint"><a class="external" href="https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/?pages=Netcat&amp;project=de.wikipedia.org" rel="nofollow">Abrufstatistik</a> · <a class="external" href=" https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo-authorship/de.wikipedia.org/Netcat?uselang=de" rel="nofollow">Autoren</a> </div><div id="footer-info-copyright-separator"><br /></div><div id="footer-info-copyright-info">
Der Text ist unter der Lizenz <a class="internal" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported">„Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“</a> verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilder oder Videos) können im Regelfall durch Anklicken dieser abgerufen werden. Möglicherweise unterliegen die Inhalte jeweils zusätzlichen Bedingungen. Durch die Nutzung dieser Website erklären Sie sich mit den <a class="internal" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/de">Nutzungsbedingungen</a> und der <a class="internal" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutzrichtlinie</a> einverstanden.<br />
Wikipedia® ist eine eingetragene Marke der Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</div></li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-places">
<li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutz</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%9Cber_Wikipedia">Über Wikipedia</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Impressum">Impressum</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netcat&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile Ansicht</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Entwickler</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/de.wikipedia.org">Statistiken</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Stellungnahme zu Cookies</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
<li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy" /></a></li>
<li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li>
</ul>
</footer>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.113","walltime":"1.142","ppvisitednodes":{"value":758,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4619,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1521,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4426,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 657.527 1 -total"," 10.63% 69.910 1 Vorlage:Internetquelle"," 1.71% 11.266 2 Vorlage:Man"," 1.19% 7.797 2 Vorlage:Man/format"," 0.94% 6.203 1 Vorlage:Str_len"," 0.35% 2.306 3 Vorlage:Man/OpenBSD"," 0.35% 2.304 2 Vorlage:Taste"," 0.35% 2.286 3 Vorlage:Man/gnu"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.019","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2156707,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw1355","timestamp":"20230103103506","ttl":1814400,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Netcat","url":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netcat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q306070","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q306070","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-16T17:57:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/13\/Netcat.png","headline":"Software"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Netcat","url":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netcat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q306070","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q306070","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-16T17:57:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/13\/Netcat.png","headline":"Software"}</script>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":123,"wgHostname":"mw1352"});});</script>
</body>
</html>

816
m239/90 - Tools/99 - Weitere/SysInternals - Div. Tools (Netzwerk, Dateien, Prozesse, etc.)
View File

@ -1,816 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="hasSidebar hasPageActions hasBreadcrumb conceptual has-default-focus theme-light" lang="en-us" dir="ltr" data-css-variable-support="true" data-authenticated="false" data-auth-status-determined="false" data-target="docs" x-ms-format-detection="none">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Sysinternals Networking Utilities - Sysinternals" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Windows Sysinternals networking utilities" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/media/logos/logo-ms-social.png" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Microsoft Logo" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@docsmsft" />
<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
<meta name="author" content="markruss" />
<meta name="breadcrumb_path" content="../bread/toc.json" />
<meta name="depot_name" content="MSDN.sysinternals" />
<meta name="description" content="Windows Sysinternals networking utilities" />
<meta name="document_id" content="aa63d326-68e7-1aac-f961-00e4bb036ce4" />
<meta name="document_version_independent_id" content="dff858e7-1c6b-58df-e7c8-bc2a8298375d" />
<meta name="gitcommit" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/sysinternals/blob/e09b49c195c3a30c68b0c9c134b4096e52cf5f38/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities.md" />
<meta name="locale" content="en-us" />
<meta name="ms.author" content="markruss" />
<meta name="ms.date" content="07/22/2016" />
<meta name="ms.prod" content="windows-sysinternals" />
<meta name="ms.technology" content="system-utilities" />
<meta name="ms.topic" content="system-utilities" />
<meta name="ms:assetid" content="677683af-3f5e-42ea-8116-9c92acd2c271" />
<meta name="ms:mtpsurl" content="https://technet.microsoft.com/Bb795532(v=MSDN.10)" />
<meta name="original_content_git_url" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/sysinternals/blob/live/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities.md" />
<meta name="page_type" content="conceptual" />
<meta name="pdf_url_template" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/pdfstore/en-us/MSDN.sysinternals/{branchName}{pdfName}" />
<meta name="schema" content="Conceptual" />
<meta name="site_name" content="Docs" />
<meta name="toc_rel" content="../toc.json" />
<meta name="TOCTitle" content="Networking Utilities" />
<meta name="uhfHeaderId" content="MSDocsHeader-Sysinternals" />
<meta name="updated_at" content="2021-03-23 09:11 PM" />
<meta name="word_count" content="128" />
<meta name="cmProducts" content="https://authoring-docs-microsoft.poolparty.biz/devrel/b1cfdec6-b0c3-4209-818c-736879856e0e" data-source="generated" />
<meta name="cmProducts" content="https://microsoft-devrel.poolparty.biz/DevRelOfferingOntology/b65b6118-d894-4103-b2a3-0331bc81655a" data-source="generated" />
<meta name="github_feedback_content_git_url" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/sysinternals/blob/live/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities.md" />
<link href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities" rel="canonical">
<title>Sysinternals Networking Utilities - Sysinternals | Microsoft Learn</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/styles/52323849.site-ltr.css ">
<script id="msdocs-script">
var msDocs = {
data: {
timeOrigin: Date.now(),
contentLocale: 'en-us',
contentDir: 'ltr',
userLocale: 'en-us',
userDir: 'ltr',
pageTemplate: 'Conceptual',
brand: '',
context: {
},
hasBinaryRating: true,
hasGithubIssues: false,
standardFeedback: false,
showFeedbackReport: false,
enableTutorialFeedback: false,
feedbackSystem: 'None',
feedbackGitHubRepo: '',
feedbackProductUrl: '',
extendBreadcrumb: false,
isEditDisplayable: true,
hideViewSource: false,
hasPageActions: true,
hasPrintButton: true,
hasBookmark: true,
hasShare: true,
isPermissioned: false,
hasRecommendations: true,
contributors: [
{ name: "markruss", url: "https://github.com/markruss" }
],
},
functions:{}
};
</script>
<script src="https://wcpstatic.microsoft.com/mscc/lib/v2/wcp-consent.js"></script>
<script src="https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/c/ms.jsll-3.min.js"></script>
<script src="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/global/67a45209.deprecation.js"></script>
<script src="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/scripts/220d9ab9.index-docs.js"></script>
</head>
<body lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<div class="header-holder has-default-focus">
<a href="#main" class="skip-to-main-link has-outline-color-text visually-hidden-until-focused position-fixed has-inner-focus focus-visible top-0 left-0 right-0 padding-xs has-text-centered has-body-background" tabindex="1">Skip to main content</a>
<div hidden id="cookie-consent-holder"></div>
<div id="unsupported-browser" style="
background-color: white;
color: black;
padding: 16px;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;"
hidden
>
<div style="max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto;">
<p style="font-size: 24px">This browser is no longer supported.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 16px;">Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.</p>
<div style="margin-top: 12px;">
<a href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=2092881 "
style="
background-color: #0078d4;
border: 1px solid #0078d4;
color: white;
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 2px;
display: inline-block;
">
Download Microsoft Edge </a>
<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge"
style="
background-color: white;
padding: 6px 12px;
border: 1px solid #505050;
color: #171717;
border-radius: 2px;
display: inline-block;
">
More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- liquid-tag banners global -->
<div id="headerAreaHolder" data-bi-name="header">
<header role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<div class="nav-bar">
<div class="nav-bar-brand">
<a itemprop="url" href="https://www.microsoft.com" aria-label="Microsoft" class="nav-bar-button">
<div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-light" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="logo" itemscope="itemscope"></div>
<div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-dark is-high-contrast" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="logo" itemscope="itemscope"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav-bar border-top is-hidden-mobile"></div>
</header> </div>
<div id="content-header" class="content-header uhf-container has-padding has-default-focus border-bottom-none" data-bi-name="content-header">
<div class="content-header-controls margin-xxs margin-inline-sm-tablet">
<button type="button" class="contents-button button button-sm margin-right-xxs" data-bi-name="contents-expand" aria-haspopup="true" data-contents-button>
<span class="icon"><span class="docon docon-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">
Table of contents </span>
</button>
<button type="button" class="ap-collapse-behavior ap-expanded button button-sm" data-bi-name="ap-collapse" aria-controls="action-panel">
<span class="icon"><span class="docon docon-exit-mode" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
<span>Exit focus mode</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<div id="disclaimer-holder" class="has-overflow-hidden has-default-focus">
<!-- liquid-tag banners sectional -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainContainer uhf-container has-default-focus" data-bi-name="body">
<div class="columns has-large-gaps is-gapless-mobile ">
<div id="left-container" class="left-container is-hidden-mobile column is-one-third-tablet is-one-quarter-desktop">
<nav id="affixed-left-container" class="margin-top-sm-tablet position-fixed display-flex flex-direction-column" role="navigation" aria-label="Primary"></nav>
</div>
<!-- .primary-holder -->
<section class="primary-holder column is-two-thirds-tablet is-three-quarters-desktop">
<!--div.columns -->
<div class="columns is-gapless-mobile has-large-gaps ">
<div id="main-column" class="column is-full is-8-desktop">
<main id="main" role="main" data-bi-name="content" lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<!-- article-header -->
<div id="article-header" class="background-color-body margin-top-sm-tablet margin-bottom-xs display-none-print">
<div class="display-flex align-items-center ">
<details id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow-popover" class="popover" data-for="article-header-breadcrumbs">
<summary class="button button-clear button-primary button-sm" aria-label="All breadcrumbs">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-more"></span>
</span>
</summary>
<div id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow" class="popover-content padding-none">
</div>
</details>
<bread-crumbs id="article-header-breadcrumbs" class="overflow-hidden flex-grow-1 margin-right-sm margin-right-md-tablet margin-right-lg-desktop" id="page-breadcrumbs"></bread-crumbs>
<div id="article-header-page-actions" class="opacity-none margin-left-auto display-flex flex-wrap-no-wrap align-items-stretch">
<a
id="lang-link-tablet"
class="button button-primary button-clear button-sm display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
title="Read in English" data-bi-name="language-toggle"
data-read-in-link
hidden>
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true" data-read-in-link-icon>
<span class="docon docon-locale-globe"></span>
</span>
<span class="is-visually-hidden" data-read-in-link-text>Read in English</span>
</a>
<button
type="button"
class="collection button button-clear button-sm button-primary display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
data-list-type="collection"
data-bi-name="collection"
title="Add to collection">
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
</span>
<span class="collection-status is-visually-hidden">Save</span>
</button>
<a data-contenteditbtn
class="button button-clear button-sm text-decoration-none button-primary display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
aria-label="Edit"
title="Edit This Document"
data-bi-name="edit"
href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/sysinternals/blob/live/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities.md"
>
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-edit-outline"></span>
</span>
</a>
<details class="popover popover-right" id="article-header-page-actions-overflow">
<summary class="justify-content-flex-start button button-clear button-sm button-primary" aria-label="More actions">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-more-vertical"></span>
</span>
</summary>
<div class="popover-content padding-none">
<button
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
type="button"
class="justify-content-flex-start button-block button-sm has-inner-focus button button-clear display-none-tablet"
aria-label="Contents"
data-bi-name="contents-expand"
data-contents-button
data-popover-close>
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">Table of contents</span>
</button>
<a
id="lang-link-overflow"
class="justify-content-flex-start button-sm has-inner-focus button button-clear button-block display-none-tablet"
title="Read in English" data-bi-name="language-toggle"
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
data-check-hidden="true"
data-read-in-link
hidden
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true" data-read-in-link-icon>
<span class="docon docon-locale-globe"></span>
</span>
<span data-read-in-link-text>Read in English</span>
</a>
<button
type="button"
class="collection justify-content-flex-start button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block display-none-tablet"
data-list-type="collection"
data-bi-name="collection"
title="Add to collection"
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
data-check-hidden="true"
data-popover-close>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
</span>
<span class="collection-status">Save</span>
</button>
<a data-contenteditbtn
class="button button-clear button-block button-sm has-inner-focus justify-content-flex-start text-decoration-none display-none-tablet"
aria-label="Edit"
title="Edit This Document"
data-bi-name="edit"
href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/sysinternals/blob/live/sysinternals/downloads/networking-utilities.md"
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-edit-outline"></span>
</span>
<span>Edit</span>
</a>
<button
class="button button-block button-clear button-sm justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus"
title="Print"
type="button"
aria-label="Print"
data-bi-name="print"
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
data-popover-close
data-print-page
data-check-hidden="true"
hidden>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-print"></span>
</span>
<span>Print</span>
</button>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="margin-none display-none-tablet border-top" data-page-action-item="overflow-all"></div>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-twitter" data-bi-name="twitter" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-twitter"></span>
</span>
<span>Twitter</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-linkedin" data-bi-name="linkedin" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-linkedin"></span>
</span>
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block has-inner-focus text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-facebook" data-bi-name="facebook" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-facebook"></span>
</span>
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block has-inner-focus text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-email" data-bi-name="email" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-mail-message-fill"></span>
</span>
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end article-header -->
<div class="">
<button type="button" class="border contents-button button button-clear button-sm is-hidden-tablet has-inner-focus" aria-label="Contents" data-bi-name="contents-expand" data-contents-button hidden>
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">Table of contents</span>
</button>
</div>
<!-- end mobile-contents button -->
<div class="content ">
<h1 id="sysinternals-networking-utilities">Sysinternals Networking Utilities</h1>
<div class="display-flex justify-content-space-between align-items-center flex-wrap-wrap page-metadata-container">
<div class="margin-right-xxs">
<ul class="metadata page-metadata" data-bi-name="page info" lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<li>
Article </li>
<li class="visibility-hidden-visual-diff">
<time class="is-invisible" data-article-date aria-label="Article review date" datetime="2021-03-23T21:11:00Z" data-article-date-source="git">03/23/2021</time>
</li>
<li class="readingTime">2 minutes to read</li>
<li class="contributors-holder display-none-print">
<button aria-label="View all contributors" class="contributors-button link-button" data-bi-name="contributors" title="View all contributors">
1 contributor </button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="user-feedback" class="margin-block-xxs display-none-print" data-hide-on-archived>
<button
id="user-feedback-button"
data-test-id="conceptual-feedback-button"
class="button button-sm button-clear button-primary"
type="button"
data-bi-name="user-feedback-button"
data-user-feedback-button
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-like"></span>
</span>
<span>Feedback</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="center-doc-outline" class="doc-outline is-hidden-desktop display-none-print margin-bottom-sm" data-bi-name="intopic toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Article Outline">
<h2 class="title is-6 margin-block-xs">In this article</h2>
</nav>
<!-- <content> -->
<p><a href="adexplorer" data-linktype="relative-path">AD Explorer</a><br/>
Active Directory Explorer is an advanced Active Directory (AD) viewer
and editor.</p>
<p><a href="adinsight" data-linktype="relative-path">AD Insight</a><br/>
AD Insight is an LDAP (Light-weight Directory Access Protocol) real-time
monitoring tool aimed at troubleshooting Active Directory client
applications.</p>
<p><a href="adrestore" data-linktype="relative-path">AdRestore</a><br/>
Undelete Server 2003 Active Directory objects.</p>
<p><a href="pipelist" data-linktype="relative-path">PipeList</a><br/>
Displays the named pipes on your system, including the number of maximum
instances and active instances for each pipe.</p>
<p><a href="psfile" data-linktype="relative-path">PsFile</a><br/>
See what files are opened remotely.</p>
<p><a href="psping" data-linktype="relative-path">PsPing</a><br/>
Measures network performance.</p>
<p><a href="pstools" data-linktype="relative-path">PsTools</a><br/>
The PsTools suite includes command-line utilities for listing the
processes running on local or remote computers, running processes
remotely, rebooting computers, dumping event logs, and more.</p>
<p><a href="shareenum" data-linktype="relative-path">ShareEnum</a><br/>
Scan file shares on your network and view their security settings to
close security holes.</p>
<p><a href="tcpview" data-linktype="relative-path">TCPView</a><br/>
Active socket command-line viewer.</p>
<p><a href="whois" data-linktype="relative-path">Whois</a><br/>
See who owns an Internet address.</p>
</div>
<div id="assertive-live-region" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" class="visually-hidden" aria-relevant="additions" aria-atomic="true"></div>
<div id="polite-live-region" role="status" aria-live="polite" class="visually-hidden" aria-relevant="additions" aria-atomic="true"></div>
<!-- </content> -->
</main>
<!-- recommendations section -->
<section id="recommendations-section" data-bi-name="recommendations" class="display-none-print"></section>
<!-- end recommendations section -->
<!-- feedback section -->
<!-- end feedback section -->
<!-- feedback report section -->
<!-- end feedback report section -->
<div
id="additional-resources-mobile"
role="complementary"
aria-label="Additional resources"
class="display-none-desktop"
>
<hr class="hr" hidden />
<h2 id="additional-resources-mobile-heading" class="title is-3" hidden>Additional resources</h2>
<section id="right-rail-recommendations-mobile" data-bi-name="recommendations" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-learning-resources-mobile" data-bi-name="learning-resources-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-events-mobile" data-bi-name="events-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-qna-mobile" data-bi-name="qna-link-card" hidden></section>
</div>
<div class="border-top is-visible-interactive has-default-focus margin-top-sm ">
<footer id="footer-interactive" data-bi-name="footer" class="footer-layout">
<div class="display-flex is-full-height padding-right-lg-desktop">
<a
data-mscc-ic="false"
class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"
href="#"
data-bi-name="select-locale">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-world"></span>
</span>
<span class="local-selector-link-text"></span></a>
<div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0">
<div class="dropdown has-caret-up">
<button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"
aria-controls="theme-menu-interactive" aria-expanded="false" title="Theme" data-bi-name="theme">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-sun" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span>Theme</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="theme-menu-interactive" role="menu">
<ul class="theme-selector padding-xxs" role="none">
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="light">
<span class="theme-light margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Light </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="dark">
<span class="theme-dark margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Dark </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="high-contrast">
<span class="theme-high-contrast margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
High contrast </span>
</button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="links" data-bi-name="footerlinks">
<li class="manage-cookies-holder" hidden></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/previous-versions/" data-bi-name="archivelink">Previous Versions</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-learn-blog/bg-p/MicrosoftLearnBlog" data-bi-name="bloglink">Blog</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/contribute/" data-bi-name="contributorGuide">Contribute</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839" data-bi-name="privacy">Privacy</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/legal/termsofuse" data-bi-name="termsofuse">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx" data-bi-name="trademarks">Trademarks</a></li>
<li>&copy; Microsoft 2023</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<div
id="additional-resources"
class="right-container column is-4-desktop display-none display-block-desktop"
data-bi-name="pageactions"
role="complementary"
aria-label="Additional resources"
>
<div id="affixed-right-container" class="margin-top-sm-tablet" data-bi-name="right-column">
<h2 id="additional-resources-heading" class="title is-6 margin-top-md" hidden>Additional resources</h2>
<section id="right-rail-events" data-bi-name="events-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-learning-resources" data-bi-name="learning-resources-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-recommendations" data-bi-name="recommendations" hidden></section>
<nav id="side-doc-outline" class="doc-outline" data-bi-name="intopic toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Article Outline">
<h3>In this article</h3>
</nav>
<section id="right-rail-qna" class="margin-top-xxs" data-bi-name="qna-link-card" hidden></section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--end of div.columns -->
</section>
<!--end of .primary-holder -->
<!-- interactive container -->
<aside id="interactive-container" class="interactive-container is-visible-interactive column has-body-background-dark ">
</aside>
<!-- end of interactive container -->
</div>
</div>
<!--end of .mainContainer -->
<section class="border-top has-default-focus is-hidden-interactive margin-top-sm ">
<footer id="footer" data-bi-name="footer" class="footer-layout uhf-container has-padding" role="contentinfo">
<div class="display-flex is-full-height padding-right-lg-desktop">
<a
data-mscc-ic="false"
class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"
href="#"
data-bi-name="select-locale">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-world"></span>
</span>
<span class="local-selector-link-text"></span></a>
<div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0">
<div class="dropdown has-caret-up">
<button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"
aria-controls="theme-menu" aria-expanded="false" title="Theme" data-bi-name="theme">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-sun" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span>Theme</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="theme-menu" role="menu">
<ul class="theme-selector padding-xxs" role="none">
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="light">
<span class="theme-light margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Light </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="dark">
<span class="theme-dark margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Dark </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="high-contrast">
<span class="theme-high-contrast margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
High contrast </span>
</button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="links" data-bi-name="footerlinks">
<li class="manage-cookies-holder" hidden></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/previous-versions/" data-bi-name="archivelink">Previous Versions</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-learn-blog/bg-p/MicrosoftLearnBlog" data-bi-name="bloglink">Blog</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/contribute/" data-bi-name="contributorGuide">Contribute</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839" data-bi-name="privacy">Privacy</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/legal/termsofuse" data-bi-name="termsofuse">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx" data-bi-name="trademarks">Trademarks</a></li>
<li>&copy; Microsoft 2023</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</section>
<div id="action-panel" role="region" aria-label="Action Panel" class="action-panel has-default-focus" tabindex="-1"></div>
</body>
</html>

205
m239/90 - Tools/CURL - command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs
View File

@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>curl</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/curl.css">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
<link rel="icon" href="/logo/curl-symbol.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<style type="text/css">
.sponsors {
max-width: 120px;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
}
.logo {
max-width: 100px;
margin: 0px 0px 20px 0px;
}
.sponsors a:hover, .logo:hover {
background: transparent;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<div class="menu">
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/download.html">Download</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="https://github.com/curl/curl">Browse source</a>
<a href="/changes.html">Changelog</a>
<a href="/tiny/">tiny-curl</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/docs/">Documentation</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="/docs/projdocs.html">Project</a>
<small>
<a href="/docs/bugbounty.html">&nbsp; Bug Bounty</a>
<a href="/docs/faq.html">FAQ</a>
<a href="/docs/help-us.html">&nbsp; Help us</a>
<a href="/docs/knownbugs.html">&nbsp; Known bugs</a>
<a href="/docs/todo.html">&nbsp; TODO</a>
</small>
<a href="/docs/protdocs.html">Protocols</a>
<small>
<a href="/docs/caextract.html">&nbsp; CA bundle</a>
<a href="/docs/http-cookies.html">&nbsp; HTTP Cookies</a>
<a href="/docs/http2.html">&nbsp; HTTP/2</a>
<a href="/docs/sslcerts.html">&nbsp; SSL Certs</a>
</small>
<a href="/docs/reldocs.html">Releases</a>
<small>
<a href="/docs/security.html">&nbsp; Security</a>
<a href="/docs/versions.html">&nbsp; Version numbers</a>
<a href="/docs/vulnerabilities.html">&nbsp; Vulnerabilities</a>
</small>
<a href="/docs/tooldocs.html">curl tool</a>
<small>
<a href="/docs/manpage.html">&nbsp; man page</a>
<a href="/docs/manual.html">&nbsp; Tutorial</a>
<a href="/docs/httpscripting.html">&nbsp; HTTP scripting</a>
</small>
<a href="/docs/videos/">Videos</a>
<a href="/docs/whodocs.html">Who and Why</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/libcurl/">libcurl</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="/libcurl/abi.html">ABI</a>
<a href="/libcurl/c/">API</a>
<a href="/libcurl/competitors.html">Competitors</a>
<a href="/libcurl/c/example.html">Examples</a>
<a href="/libcurl/features.html">Features</a>
<a href="/mail/list.cgi?list=curl-library">Mailing list</a>
<a href="/libcurl/relatedlibs.html">Related libs</a>
<a href="/libcurl/using/">Using libcurl</a>
<a href="/libcurl/c/libcurl-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
<a href="/libcurl/theysay.html">Testimonials</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/gethelp.html">Get Help</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="https://lists.haxx.se/listinfo/curl-library">curl-library</a>
<a href="https://lists.haxx.se/listinfo/curl-users">curl-users</a>
<a href="/docs/irc.html">IRC / chat</a>
<a href="/mail/">Mailing lists</a>
<a href="/book.html">Everything curl [book]</a>
<a href="/docs/videos/">Video presentations</a>
<a href="https://github.com/curl/curl/issues">Report a bug</a>
<a href="/support.html">Paid support</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/dev/">Development</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="/dev/builds.html">Autobuilds</a>
<a href="/dev/code-review.html">Code review</a>
<a href="/dev/code-style.html">Code style</a>
<a href="/dev/contribute.html">Contribute</a>
<a href="/dashboard.html">Dashboard</a>
<a href="/dev/deprecate.html">Deprecate</a>
<a href="/dev/internals.html">Internals</a>
<a href="/dev/release-notes.html">Release Notes</a>
<a href="/dev/release-procedure.html">Release Procedure</a>
<a href="/dev/roadmap.html">Roadmap</a>
<a href="/dev/runtests.html">Run Tests</a>
<a href="/dev/secprocess.html">Security Process</a>
<a href="/rfc/">Specifications</a>
<a href="/dev/testcurl.html">Test curl</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropbtn" href="/news.html">News</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="/changes.html">Changelog</a>
<a href="/docs/releases.html">Release table</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="contents">
<center><img src="https://curl.se/logo/curl-logo.svg" alt="curl logo" style="width:90%; padding-top: 8px;">
</center>
<p>
<hr>
<p style="font-size: 160%; text-align: center;">
<b>command line tool and
library</b>
<br>for transferring data with URLs
<br>(since 1998)</p>
<div style="float: right; max-width: 10em; margin-left: 20px;">
<div class="sponsors">
<b>Top&nbsp;Sponsors</b><p>
<a href="sponsors.html">
<img class="logo" src="pix/haxx.svg" alt="Haxx">
<img class="logo" src="pix/wolfssl.svg" alt="wolfSSL">
<img class="logo" src="pix/fastly.svg" alt="Fastly">
<img class="logo" src="pix/teamviewer.svg" alt="Teamviewer">
</a>
</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
font-size: 130%;
border: 1px black solid;">
Time to <a href="/donation.html">donate</a> to the curl project?
</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
font-size: 130%;
border: 1px black solid;">
<a href="/support.html">Commercial support</a> available!
</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
border: 1px black solid;">
<a href="/book.html">Everything curl</a> is a detailed and
totally free book that explains basically everything there is to know about
curl, libcurl and the associated project.
</div>
</div>
<p><b>Supports...</b>
<p>DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP,
LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP,
SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP. curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT,
FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies (SOCKS4, SOCKS5, HTTP and
HTTPS), HTTP/2, HTTP/3, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Plain,
Digest, CRAM-MD5, SCRAM-SHA, NTLM, Negotiate, Kerberos, Bearer tokens and AWS
Sigv4), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling, HSTS, Alt-Svc, unix domain
sockets, HTTP compression (gzip, brotli and zstd), etags, parallel transfers,
DNS-over-HTTPS and more.
<p><b>What's curl used for?</b>
<p>
curl is used in command lines or scripts to transfer data. curl is also used
in cars, television sets, routers, printers, audio equipment, mobile phones,
tablets, settop boxes, media players and is the Internet transfer engine for
thousands of software applications in over <i>ten billion installations</i>.
<p>
curl is used daily by virtually every Internet-using human on the globe.
<p><b>Who makes curl?</b>
<p>
curl is free and <a href="docs/copyright.html" title="curl and libcurl are
licensed under a MIT/X derivate license">open source</a> software and exists
thanks to <a href="docs/thanks.html" title="over 2,700 named
contributors">thousands of contributors</a> and our
awesome <a href="/sponsors.html">sponsors</a>. The curl
project <a title="Adheres to the Core Intrastructure Initiative's
listed best practices at Gold level"
href="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/63">follows well
established open source best practices</a>. You too
can <a href="docs/help-us.html">help us</a> improve!
<p><b>What's the latest curl?</b>
<p>
The most recent stable version is <b>7.87.0</b>, released on 2022-12-21.
Currently, 76 of the listed <a href="download.html" title="Binary download packages for your platform!">downloads</a> are of the latest version.
<p><b>Where's the code?</b>
<p>
Check out the latest <a href="https://github.com/curl/curl" title="git clone
the curl code">source code from GitHub</a>.
</div>
</div>
<script defer src="https://www.fastly-insights.com/insights.js?k=8cb1247c-87c2-4af9-9229-768b1990f90b" type="text/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>

866
m239/90 - Tools/CertMgr.msc - Zertifikate verwalten
View File

@ -1,866 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="hasSidebar hasPageActions hasBreadcrumb conceptual has-default-focus theme-light" lang="en-us" dir="ltr" data-css-variable-support="true" data-authenticated="false" data-auth-status-determined="false" data-target="docs" x-ms-format-detection="none">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta property="og:title" content="CertMgr - Windows drivers" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/certmgr" />
<meta property="og:description" content="CertMgr (Certmgr.exe) is a command-line CryptoAPI tool that manages certificates, certificate trust lists (CTLs), and certificate revocation lists (CRLs)." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/media/logos/logo-ms-social.png" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Microsoft Logo" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@docsmsft" />
<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
<meta name="APIName" content="CertMgr" />
<meta name="APIType" content="NA" />
<meta name="author" content="DOMARS" />
<meta name="breadcrumb_path" content="/windows-hardware/drivers/breadcrumbs/toc.json" />
<meta name="depot_name" content="Win.drivers" />
<meta name="description" content="CertMgr (Certmgr.exe) is a command-line CryptoAPI tool that manages certificates, certificate trust lists (CTLs), and certificate revocation lists (CRLs)." />
<meta name="document_id" content="a7a93bdf-f177-5ba9-fb11-abc55d8a8136" />
<meta name="document_version_independent_id" content="1a5ce774-545f-0758-892b-5d296944ac05" />
<meta name="gitcommit" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs-pr/blob/026a7a01adcb76633616ad6242cc48065a5d2a4a/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md" />
<meta name="keywords" content="CertMgr Driver Development Tools" />
<meta name="locale" content="en-us" />
<meta name="ms.author" content="domars" />
<meta name="ms.date" content="04/20/2017" />
<meta name="ms.prod" content="windows-hardware" />
<meta name="ms.technology" content="devtest" />
<meta name="ms.topic" content="article" />
<meta name="original_content_git_url" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs-pr/blob/live/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md" />
<meta name="page_type" content="conceptual" />
<meta name="pdf_url_template" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/pdfstore/en-us/Win.drivers/{branchName}{pdfName}" />
<meta name="recommendations" content="true" />
<meta name="schema" content="Conceptual" />
<meta name="Search.Product" content="eADQiWindows 10XVcnh" />
<meta name="site_name" content="Docs" />
<meta name="toc_rel" content="toc.json" />
<meta name="TopicType" content="apiref" />
<meta name="uhfHeaderId" content="MSDocsHeader-Windows" />
<meta name="updated_at" content="2021-12-15 01:17 AM" />
<meta name="word_count" content="431" />
<meta name="cmProducts" content="https://authoring-docs-microsoft.poolparty.biz/devrel/bcbcbad5-4208-4783-8035-8481272c98b8" data-source="generated" />
<meta name="scope" content="Drivers" />
<meta name="github_feedback_content_git_url" content="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs/blob/staging/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md" />
<link href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/certmgr" rel="canonical">
<title>CertMgr - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/styles/52323849.site-ltr.css ">
<script id="msdocs-script">
var msDocs = {
data: {
timeOrigin: Date.now(),
contentLocale: 'en-us',
contentDir: 'ltr',
userLocale: 'en-us',
userDir: 'ltr',
pageTemplate: 'Conceptual',
brand: '',
context: {
},
hasBinaryRating: true,
hasGithubIssues: true,
standardFeedback: false,
showFeedbackReport: false,
enableTutorialFeedback: false,
feedbackSystem: 'GitHub',
feedbackGitHubRepo: 'MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs',
feedbackProductUrl: 'https://support.microsoft.com/help/4021566/windows-10-send-feedback-to-microsoft-with-feedback-hub-app',
extendBreadcrumb: false,
isEditDisplayable: true,
hideViewSource: false,
hasPageActions: true,
hasPrintButton: true,
hasBookmark: true,
hasShare: true,
isPermissioned: false,
hasRecommendations: true,
contributors: [
{ name: "DOMARS", url: "https://github.com/DOMARS" }
],
},
functions:{}
};
</script>
<script src="https://wcpstatic.microsoft.com/mscc/lib/v2/wcp-consent.js"></script>
<script src="https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/c/ms.jsll-3.min.js"></script>
<script src="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/global/67a45209.deprecation.js"></script>
<script src="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/scripts/220d9ab9.index-docs.js"></script>
</head>
<body lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<div class="header-holder has-default-focus">
<a href="#main" class="skip-to-main-link has-outline-color-text visually-hidden-until-focused position-fixed has-inner-focus focus-visible top-0 left-0 right-0 padding-xs has-text-centered has-body-background" tabindex="1">Skip to main content</a>
<div hidden id="cookie-consent-holder"></div>
<div id="unsupported-browser" style="
background-color: white;
color: black;
padding: 16px;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;"
hidden
>
<div style="max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto;">
<p style="font-size: 24px">This browser is no longer supported.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 16px;">Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.</p>
<div style="margin-top: 12px;">
<a href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=2092881 "
style="
background-color: #0078d4;
border: 1px solid #0078d4;
color: white;
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 2px;
display: inline-block;
">
Download Microsoft Edge </a>
<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge"
style="
background-color: white;
padding: 6px 12px;
border: 1px solid #505050;
color: #171717;
border-radius: 2px;
display: inline-block;
">
More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- liquid-tag banners global -->
<div id="headerAreaHolder" data-bi-name="header">
<header role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<div class="nav-bar">
<div class="nav-bar-brand">
<a itemprop="url" href="https://www.microsoft.com" aria-label="Microsoft" class="nav-bar-button">
<div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-light" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="logo" itemscope="itemscope"></div>
<div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-dark is-high-contrast" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="logo" itemscope="itemscope"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav-bar border-top is-hidden-mobile"></div>
</header> </div>
<div id="content-header" class="content-header uhf-container has-padding has-default-focus border-bottom-none" data-bi-name="content-header">
<div class="content-header-controls margin-xxs margin-inline-sm-tablet">
<button type="button" class="contents-button button button-sm margin-right-xxs" data-bi-name="contents-expand" aria-haspopup="true" data-contents-button>
<span class="icon"><span class="docon docon-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">
Table of contents </span>
</button>
<button type="button" class="ap-collapse-behavior ap-expanded button button-sm" data-bi-name="ap-collapse" aria-controls="action-panel">
<span class="icon"><span class="docon docon-exit-mode" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
<span>Exit focus mode</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<div id="disclaimer-holder" class="has-overflow-hidden has-default-focus">
<!-- liquid-tag banners sectional -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainContainer uhf-container has-default-focus" data-bi-name="body">
<div class="columns has-large-gaps is-gapless-mobile ">
<div id="left-container" class="left-container is-hidden-mobile column is-one-third-tablet is-one-quarter-desktop">
<nav id="affixed-left-container" class="margin-top-sm-tablet position-fixed display-flex flex-direction-column" role="navigation" aria-label="Primary"></nav>
</div>
<!-- .primary-holder -->
<section class="primary-holder column is-two-thirds-tablet is-three-quarters-desktop">
<!--div.columns -->
<div class="columns is-gapless-mobile has-large-gaps ">
<div id="main-column" class="column is-full is-8-desktop">
<main id="main" role="main" data-bi-name="content" lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<!-- article-header -->
<div id="article-header" class="background-color-body margin-top-sm-tablet margin-bottom-xs display-none-print">
<div class="display-flex align-items-center ">
<details id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow-popover" class="popover" data-for="article-header-breadcrumbs">
<summary class="button button-clear button-primary button-sm" aria-label="All breadcrumbs">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-more"></span>
</span>
</summary>
<div id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow" class="popover-content padding-none">
</div>
</details>
<bread-crumbs id="article-header-breadcrumbs" class="overflow-hidden flex-grow-1 margin-right-sm margin-right-md-tablet margin-right-lg-desktop" id="page-breadcrumbs"></bread-crumbs>
<div id="article-header-page-actions" class="opacity-none margin-left-auto display-flex flex-wrap-no-wrap align-items-stretch">
<a
id="lang-link-tablet"
class="button button-primary button-clear button-sm display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
title="Read in English" data-bi-name="language-toggle"
data-read-in-link
hidden>
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true" data-read-in-link-icon>
<span class="docon docon-locale-globe"></span>
</span>
<span class="is-visually-hidden" data-read-in-link-text>Read in English</span>
</a>
<button
type="button"
class="collection button button-clear button-sm button-primary display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
data-list-type="collection"
data-bi-name="collection"
title="Add to collection">
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
</span>
<span class="collection-status is-visually-hidden">Save</span>
</button>
<a data-contenteditbtn
class="button button-clear button-sm text-decoration-none button-primary display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
aria-label="Edit"
title="Edit This Document"
data-bi-name="edit"
href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs/blob/staging/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-original_content_git_url="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs-pr/blob/live/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-original_content_git_url_template="{repo}/blob/{branch}/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-pr_repo=""
data-pr_branch=""
>
<span class="icon margin-none" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-edit-outline"></span>
</span>
</a>
<details class="popover popover-right" id="article-header-page-actions-overflow">
<summary class="justify-content-flex-start button button-clear button-sm button-primary" aria-label="More actions">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-more-vertical"></span>
</span>
</summary>
<div class="popover-content padding-none">
<button
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
type="button"
class="justify-content-flex-start button-block button-sm has-inner-focus button button-clear display-none-tablet"
aria-label="Contents"
data-bi-name="contents-expand"
data-contents-button
data-popover-close>
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">Table of contents</span>
</button>
<a
id="lang-link-overflow"
class="justify-content-flex-start button-sm has-inner-focus button button-clear button-block display-none-tablet"
title="Read in English" data-bi-name="language-toggle"
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
data-check-hidden="true"
data-read-in-link
hidden
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true" data-read-in-link-icon>
<span class="docon docon-locale-globe"></span>
</span>
<span data-read-in-link-text>Read in English</span>
</a>
<button
type="button"
class="collection justify-content-flex-start button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block display-none-tablet"
data-list-type="collection"
data-bi-name="collection"
title="Add to collection"
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
data-check-hidden="true"
data-popover-close>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
</span>
<span class="collection-status">Save</span>
</button>
<a data-contenteditbtn
class="button button-clear button-block button-sm has-inner-focus justify-content-flex-start text-decoration-none display-none-tablet"
aria-label="Edit"
title="Edit This Document"
data-bi-name="edit"
href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs/blob/staging/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-original_content_git_url="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs-pr/blob/live/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-original_content_git_url_template="{repo}/blob/{branch}/windows-driver-docs-pr/devtest/certmgr.md"
data-pr_repo=""
data-pr_branch=""
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-edit-outline"></span>
</span>
<span>Edit</span>
</a>
<button
class="button button-block button-clear button-sm justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus"
title="Print"
type="button"
aria-label="Print"
data-bi-name="print"
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
data-popover-close
data-print-page
data-check-hidden="true"
hidden>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-print"></span>
</span>
<span>Print</span>
</button>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="margin-none display-none-tablet border-top" data-page-action-item="overflow-all"></div>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-twitter" data-bi-name="twitter" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-twitter"></span>
</span>
<span>Twitter</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus button-block text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-linkedin" data-bi-name="linkedin" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-linkedin"></span>
</span>
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block has-inner-focus text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-facebook" data-bi-name="facebook" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-brand-facebook"></span>
</span>
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block has-inner-focus text-decoration-none justify-content-flex-start share-email" data-bi-name="email" data-page-action-item="overflow-all">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-mail-message-fill"></span>
</span>
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end article-header -->
<div class="">
<button type="button" class="border contents-button button button-clear button-sm is-hidden-tablet has-inner-focus" aria-label="Contents" data-bi-name="contents-expand" data-contents-button hidden>
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span class="contents-expand-title">Table of contents</span>
</button>
</div>
<!-- end mobile-contents button -->
<div class="content ">
<h1 id="certmgr">CertMgr</h1>
<div class="display-flex justify-content-space-between align-items-center flex-wrap-wrap page-metadata-container">
<div class="margin-right-xxs">
<ul class="metadata page-metadata" data-bi-name="page info" lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
<li>
Article </li>
<li class="visibility-hidden-visual-diff">
<time class="is-invisible" data-article-date aria-label="Article review date" datetime="2021-12-15T01:17:00Z" data-article-date-source="git">12/15/2021</time>
</li>
<li class="readingTime">2 minutes to read</li>
<li class="contributors-holder display-none-print">
<button aria-label="View all contributors" class="contributors-button link-button" data-bi-name="contributors" title="View all contributors">
1 contributor </button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="user-feedback" class="margin-block-xxs display-none-print" data-hide-on-archived>
<button
id="user-feedback-button"
data-test-id="conceptual-feedback-button"
class="button button-sm button-clear button-primary"
type="button"
data-bi-name="user-feedback-button"
data-user-feedback-button
>
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-like"></span>
</span>
<span>Feedback</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="center-doc-outline" class="doc-outline is-hidden-desktop display-none-print margin-bottom-sm" data-bi-name="intopic toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Article Outline">
<h2 class="title is-6 margin-block-xs">In this article</h2>
</nav>
<!-- <content> -->
<p>CertMgr (Certmgr.exe) is a command-line <a href="/en-us/windows/win32/seccrypto/cryptography-portal" data-linktype="absolute-path">CryptoAPI</a> tool that manages certificates, certificate trust lists (CTLs), and certificate revocation lists (CRLs).</p>
<p>CertMgr supports a large number of switches, but this section describes only those that are relevant to managing <a href="../install/makecert-test-certificate" data-linktype="relative-path">test certificates</a> within a certificate store.</p>
<pre><code> CertMgr [/add|/del|/put] [Switches] [/s [/r RegistryLocation ] ] SourceName [/s [/r RegistryLocation] ] [DestinationName]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="partial-list-of-operations-switches-and-arguments"><span id="partial_list_of_operations__switches__and_arguments"></span><span id="PARTIAL_LIST_OF_OPERATIONS__SWITCHES__AND_ARGUMENTS"></span>Partial list of operations, switches, and arguments</h3>
<h3 id="operations"><span id="operations"></span><span id="OPERATIONS"></span>Operations</h3>
<p><span id="add"></span><span id="ADD"></span><strong>add</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to add certificates, CTLs, or CRLs from the file specified by <em>SourceName</em> to the certificate store specified by <em>DestinationName</em>.</p>
<p><span id="del"></span><span id="DEL"></span><strong>del</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to delete certificates, CTLs, or CRLs in the certificate store specified by <em>SourceName</em> from the certificate store specified by <em>DestinationName</em>. If <em>DestinationName</em> is not specified, <em>SourceName</em> will also serve as the destination store and will be modified.</p>
<p><span id="put"></span><span id="PUT"></span><strong>put</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to save certificates, CTLs, or CRLs from the certificate store specified by <em>SourceName</em> to a file specified by <em>DestinationName</em>.</p>
<p><span id="none"></span><span id="NONE"></span>none<br/>
If no command is specified, CertMgr displays all the certificates, CTLs, or CRLs in the certificate store or file specified by <em>SourceName</em>.</p>
<h3 id="switches-and-arguments"><span id="switches_and_arguments"></span><span id="SWITCHES_AND_ARGUMENTS"></span>Switches and Arguments</h3>
<p><span id="_c"></span><span id="_C"></span><strong>/c</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to only process certificates from the file specified by <em>SourceName</em>.</p>
<p><span id="_CTL"></span><span id="_ctl"></span><strong>/CTL</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to only process CTLs from the file specified by <em>SourceName</em>.</p>
<p><span id="_CRL"></span><span id="_crl"></span><strong>/CRL</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to only process CRLs from the file specified by <em>SourceName</em>.</p>
<p><span id="_s"></span><span id="_S"></span><strong>/s</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to access the certificate store specified by <em>SourceName</em> or <em>DestinationName</em> as a system store.</p>
<p><span id="_r_registryLocation"></span><span id="_r_registrylocation"></span><span id="_R_REGISTRYLOCATION"></span><strong>/r</strong> <em>registryLocation</em><br/>
Specifies the registry location of the system certificate store. The <strong>/r</strong> switch is only valid when used with the <strong>/s</strong> switch. The <em>registryLocation</em> argument must be either:</p>
<p><span id="currentUser"></span><span id="currentuser"></span><span id="CURRENTUSER"></span><em>currentUser</em><br/>
Specifies the registry location HKEY_CURRENT_USER.</p>
<p><span id="localMachine"></span><span id="localmachine"></span><span id="LOCALMACHINE"></span><em>localMachine</em><br/>
Specifies the registry location HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.</p>
<p>If the <strong>/r</strong> switch is not specified along with the <strong>/s</strong> switch, <em>currentUser</em> is the default.</p>
<p>For more information about these certificate stores, see <a href="../install/certificate-stores" data-linktype="relative-path">Certificate Stores</a>.</p>
<p><span id="_v"></span><span id="_V"></span><strong>/v</strong><br/>
Configures CertMgr to display detailed information about certificates, CTLs, and CRLs. If this switch is not specified, CertMgr only displays brief information.</p>
<h3 id="comments"><span id="comments"></span><span id="COMMENTS"></span>Comments</h3>
<p>To use CertMgr, the user must be a member of the Administrators group on the system and run the command from an elevated command prompt.</p>
<p>For a complete list of CertMgr parameters, see the <a href="/en-us/dotnet/framework/tools/certmgr-exe-certificate-manager-tool" data-linktype="absolute-path">Certificate Manager Tool</a> website.</p>
<p>A 32-bit version of the CertMgr tool is located in the <em>bin\i386</em> folder of the WDK. A 64-bit version of the tool is located in the bin\amd64 and bin\ia64 folders of the WDK.</p>
<h3 id="example"><span id="example"></span><span id="EXAMPLE"></span>Example</h3>
<p>The following two CertMgr commands add the certificate in the file <em>OutputFile.cer</em> to the Trusted Root Certification Authorities certificate store and the Trusted Publishers certificate store.</p>
<pre><code>CertMgr /add OutputFile.cer /s /r localMachine root
CertMgr /add OutputFile.cer /s /r localMachine trustedpublisher
</code></pre>
</div>
<div id="assertive-live-region" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" class="visually-hidden" aria-relevant="additions" aria-atomic="true"></div>
<div id="polite-live-region" role="status" aria-live="polite" class="visually-hidden" aria-relevant="additions" aria-atomic="true"></div>
<!-- </content> -->
</main>
<!-- recommendations section -->
<section id="recommendations-section" data-bi-name="recommendations" class="display-none-print"></section>
<!-- end recommendations section -->
<!-- feedback section -->
<section class="feedback-section position-relative" data-bi-name="feedback-section">
<h2 id="feedback" class="title is-3 margin-top-sm">Feedback</h2>
<div class="alert choose-feedback-type">
<p id="send-feedback-about">Submit and view feedback for</p>
<div class="choose-feedback-buttons margin-top-xs">
<a class="button has-external-link-indicator feedback-type-product margin-bottom-xxs" aria-label="Send feedback about this product" href="https://support.microsoft.com/help/4021566/windows-10-send-feedback-to-microsoft-with-feedback-hub-app" data-bi-name="product-feedback">
<span>This product</span>
</a>
<a class="button feedback-type-product margin-bottom-xxs github-link" aria-label="Send feedback about this page" data-bi-name="create-issue-on-github">
<span aria-hidden="true" class="docon docon-brand-github padding-right-xxs"></span>
<span>This page</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-container display-flex justify-content-flex-end margin-block-xxs">
<a class="view-on-github has-external-link-indicator" data-bi-name="view-on-github" href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-driver-docs/issues">
<span aria-hidden="true" class="docon docon-brand-github"></span>
<span>View all page feedback</span>
</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- end feedback section -->
<!-- feedback report section -->
<!-- end feedback report section -->
<div
id="additional-resources-mobile"
role="complementary"
aria-label="Additional resources"
class="display-none-desktop"
>
<hr class="hr" hidden />
<h2 id="additional-resources-mobile-heading" class="title is-3" hidden>Additional resources</h2>
<section id="right-rail-recommendations-mobile" data-bi-name="recommendations" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-learning-resources-mobile" data-bi-name="learning-resources-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-events-mobile" data-bi-name="events-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-qna-mobile" data-bi-name="qna-link-card" hidden></section>
</div>
<div class="border-top is-visible-interactive has-default-focus margin-top-sm ">
<footer id="footer-interactive" data-bi-name="footer" class="footer-layout">
<div class="display-flex is-full-height padding-right-lg-desktop">
<a
data-mscc-ic="false"
class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"
href="#"
data-bi-name="select-locale">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-world"></span>
</span>
<span class="local-selector-link-text"></span></a>
<div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0">
<div class="dropdown has-caret-up">
<button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"
aria-controls="theme-menu-interactive" aria-expanded="false" title="Theme" data-bi-name="theme">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-sun" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span>Theme</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="theme-menu-interactive" role="menu">
<ul class="theme-selector padding-xxs" role="none">
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="light">
<span class="theme-light margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Light </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="dark">
<span class="theme-dark margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Dark </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="high-contrast">
<span class="theme-high-contrast margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
High contrast </span>
</button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="links" data-bi-name="footerlinks">
<li class="manage-cookies-holder" hidden></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/previous-versions/" data-bi-name="archivelink">Previous Versions</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-learn-blog/bg-p/MicrosoftLearnBlog" data-bi-name="bloglink">Blog</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/contribute/" data-bi-name="contributorGuide">Contribute</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839" data-bi-name="privacy">Privacy</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/legal/termsofuse" data-bi-name="termsofuse">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx" data-bi-name="trademarks">Trademarks</a></li>
<li>&copy; Microsoft 2023</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<div
id="additional-resources"
class="right-container column is-4-desktop display-none display-block-desktop"
data-bi-name="pageactions"
role="complementary"
aria-label="Additional resources"
>
<div id="affixed-right-container" class="margin-top-sm-tablet" data-bi-name="right-column">
<h2 id="additional-resources-heading" class="title is-6 margin-top-md" hidden>Additional resources</h2>
<section id="right-rail-events" data-bi-name="events-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-learning-resources" data-bi-name="learning-resources-card" hidden></section>
<section id="right-rail-recommendations" data-bi-name="recommendations" hidden></section>
<nav id="side-doc-outline" class="doc-outline" data-bi-name="intopic toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Article Outline">
<h3>In this article</h3>
</nav>
<section id="right-rail-qna" class="margin-top-xxs" data-bi-name="qna-link-card" hidden></section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--end of div.columns -->
</section>
<!--end of .primary-holder -->
<!-- interactive container -->
<aside id="interactive-container" class="interactive-container is-visible-interactive column has-body-background-dark ">
</aside>
<!-- end of interactive container -->
</div>
</div>
<!--end of .mainContainer -->
<section class="border-top has-default-focus is-hidden-interactive margin-top-sm ">
<footer id="footer" data-bi-name="footer" class="footer-layout uhf-container has-padding" role="contentinfo">
<div class="display-flex is-full-height padding-right-lg-desktop">
<a
data-mscc-ic="false"
class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"
href="#"
data-bi-name="select-locale">
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="docon docon-world"></span>
</span>
<span class="local-selector-link-text"></span></a>
<div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0">
<div class="dropdown has-caret-up">
<button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"
aria-controls="theme-menu" aria-expanded="false" title="Theme" data-bi-name="theme">
<span class="icon">
<span class="docon docon-sun" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>
<span>Theme</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="theme-menu" role="menu">
<ul class="theme-selector padding-xxs" role="none">
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="light">
<span class="theme-light margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Light </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="dark">
<span class="theme-dark margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
Dark </span>
</button>
</li>
<li class="theme display-block" role="menuitem">
<button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"
data-theme-to="high-contrast">
<span class="theme-high-contrast margin-right-xxs">
<span
class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support display-inline-block has-body-background"
aria-hidden="true">
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 22 14">
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
<span>
High contrast </span>
</button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="links" data-bi-name="footerlinks">
<li class="manage-cookies-holder" hidden></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/previous-versions/" data-bi-name="archivelink">Previous Versions</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-learn-blog/bg-p/MicrosoftLearnBlog" data-bi-name="bloglink">Blog</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/contribute/" data-bi-name="contributorGuide">Contribute</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839" data-bi-name="privacy">Privacy</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="/en-us/legal/termsofuse" data-bi-name="termsofuse">Terms of Use</a></li>
<li><a data-mscc-ic="false" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx" data-bi-name="trademarks">Trademarks</a></li>
<li>&copy; Microsoft 2023</li>
</ul>
</footer>
</section>
<div id="action-panel" role="region" aria-label="Action Panel" class="action-panel has-default-focus" tabindex="-1"></div>
</body>
</html>

1423
m239/90 - Tools/Nagios - Zur Überwachung von Webservern
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

159
m239/90 - Tools/OpenSSL - Toolkit für TLS-Unterstützung
View File

@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
<meta name="author" content="OpenSSL Foundation, Inc." />
<title>/index.html</title>
<style>
</style>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openssl.org/">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="inc/screen.css" media="screen, projection">
<script src="inc/modernizr-2.0.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<script>!window.jQuery && document.write(unescape('%3Cscript src="./inc/libs/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"%3E%3C/script%3E'))</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="inc/octopress.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Serif:regular,italic,bold,bolditalic">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:regular,italic,bold,bolditalic">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<style type="text/css">
.state {
position: fixed;
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.025);
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 25vh;
transform-origin: right top;
transform: rotate(-45deg);
z-index: 100;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header role="banner">
<hgroup>
<h1>
<a href="">
<span id="header-open-text">Open</span><span id="header-ssl-text">SSL</span>
</a>
</h1>
<h2>Cryptography and SSL/TLS Toolkit</h2>
</hgroup>
</header>
<nav role="navigation">
<form action="https://www.google.com/search" method="get">
<fieldset role="search">
<input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="www.openssl.org" />
<input class="search" type="text" name="q" results="0" placeholder="Search"/>
</fieldset>
</form>
<ul class="main-navigation">
<li><a href="" title="Home page">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="blog/" title="Team blog">Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="source/" title="Source code">Downloads</a></li>
<li><a href="docs/" title="FAQ, FIPS, manpages, ...">Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="news/" title="Latest information">News</a></li>
<li><a href="policies/" title="How we operate">Policies</a></li>
<li><a href="community/" title="Blog, bugs, email, ...">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="support/" title="Commercial support and contracting">Support</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<div id="main">
<div id="content">
<div class="blog-index">
<article>
<h2 id="welcome-to-openssl">Welcome to OpenSSL!</h2>
<p>The OpenSSL Project develops and maintains the OpenSSL software - a robust, commercial-grade, full-featured toolkit for general-purpose cryptography and secure communication. The project’s technical decision making is managed by the <a href="/community/otc.html">OpenSSL Technical Committee</a> (OTC) and the project governance is managed by the <a href="/community/omc.html">OpenSSL Management Committee</a> (OMC). The project operates under formal <a href="/policies/omc-bylaws.html">Bylaws</a>.</p>
<p>For more information about the team and community around the project, or to start making your own contributions, start with the <a href="/community">community</a> page. To get the latest news, download the source, and so on, please see the sidebar or the buttons at the top of every page.</p>
<p>OpenSSL is licensed under an Apache-style license, which basically means that you are free to get and use it for commercial and non-commercial purposes subject to some simple license conditions.</p>
<p>For a list of vulnerabilities, and the releases in which they were found and fixes, see our <a href="news/vulnerabilities.html">Vulnerabilities</a> page.</p>
<h4 id="latest-news">Latest News</h4>
<p>
<table class="newsflash" width="90%">
<tr><td class="d">Date</td><td class="t">Item</td></tr>
<tr><td class="d"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="d">21-Dec-2022</td><td class="t">Beta 1 of OpenSSL 3.1 is now available. This is a release candidate: please download and test it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="d">13-Dec-2022</td><td class="t"><a href="/news/secadv/20221213.txt">Security Advisory</a>: one low severity fix</a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="d">01-Dec-2022</td><td class="t">Alpha 1 of OpenSSL 3.1 is now available: please download and test it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="d">01-Nov-2022</td><td class="t">New Blog post: <a href="https://www.openssl.org/blog/blog/2022/11/01/email-address-overflows/">CVE-2022-3786 and CVE-2022-3602: X.509 Email Address Buffer Overflows</a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="d">01-Nov-2022</td><td class="t"><a href="/news/secadv/20221101.txt">Security Advisory</a>: two high severity fixes</a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="d">
<a href="news">More…</a>
</td>
<td class="t">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
<h3>Legalities</h3>
<p>
Please remember that export/import and/or use of strong
cryptography software, providing cryptography hooks, or even just
communicating technical details about cryptography software is
illegal in some parts of the world. So when you import this
package to your country, re-distribute it from there or even
just email technical suggestions or even source patches to the
authors or other people you are strongly advised to pay close
attention to any laws or regulations which apply to
you. The authors of OpenSSL are not liable for any violations
you make here. So be careful, it is your responsibility.
</p>
<footer>
You are here:
<p><a href="/">Home</a></p>
<br/><a href="sitemap.txt">Sitemap</a>
</footer>
</article>
</div>
<aside class="sidebar">
<section>
<h1 id="home"><a href="/">Home</a></h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="/source">Downloads: Source code</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs">Docs: FAQ, FIPS, manpages, …</a></li>
<li><a href="/news">News: Latest information</a></li>
<li><a href="/roadmap.html">Roadmap: What’s planned</a></li>
<li><a href="/policies">Policies: How we operate</a></li>
<li><a href="/community">Community: Blog, bugs, email, …</a></li>
<li><a href="/support">Support: Commercial support and contracting</a></li>
<li><a href="/support/acks.html">Sponsor Acknowledgements</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
<footer role="contentinfo">
<p>
Please report problems with this website to webmaster at openssl.org.
</p>
<p>
Copyright &copy; 1999-2021, OpenSSL Project Authors.
All Rights Reserved.
</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

15
m239/90 - Tools/README.md
View File

@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
# 90 - Tools # 90 - Tools
Zusammengestellt 2020 von Th. Kälin
## Vorinstallierte Tools ## Vorinstallierte Tools
- Bereits standardmässig vorhandene Tools - Bereits standardmässig vorhandene Tools
@ -81,3 +84,15 @@ Verweis: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traceroute
- Wireshark - Wireshark
<br>Netzwerkprotokoll-Analyzer <br>Netzwerkprotokoll-Analyzer
<br>Verweis: https://www.wireshark.org/ <br>Verweis: https://www.wireshark.org/
--
- Netcat
<br>Arbeitet als Server oder Client mit den Protokollen TCP und UDP (TCP/IP swiss army knife)
<br>Verweis: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat
- SysInternals - Div. Tools (Netzwerk, Dateien, Prozesse, etc.)
<br>Ausgesprochen nützliche Tools!!! (v.a. ProcExp und ProcMon)
<br>Verweis: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb795532

952
m239/90 - Tools/Wireshark - Netzwerkprotokoll-Analyzer
View File

@ -1,952 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Wireshark · Go Deep.</title>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ssl.google-analytics.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//jsi-cdn.steelcentral.net">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta content=yes name=apple-mobile-web-app-capable>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/demo/switcher.min.css" media=screen>
<link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:200,300,400,600,700,900,300italic,400italic,600italic' rel=stylesheet type='text/css'>
<link href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css'
integrity="sha384-wvfXpqpZZVQGK6TAh5PVlGOfQNHSoD2xbE+QkPxCAFlNEevoEH3Sl0sibVcOQVnN"
crossorigin='anonymous'
rel=stylesheet type='text/css'>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/theme.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/color-defaults.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-white.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/custom.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-blue.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-gray.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-black.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-white-black.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-white-green.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/swatch-white-red.min.css" media=screen>
<link rel=stylesheet href="/assets/theme-2015/css/fonts.min.css" media=screen>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"
integrity="sha384-tsQFqpEReu7ZLhBV2VZlAu7zcOV+rXbYlF2cqB8txI/8aZajjp4Bqd+V6D5IgvKT"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/assets/theme-2015/js/tab-fixes.js"></script>
</head>
<body class="normal-header">
<div id="masthead" class="navbar navbar-static-top swatch-white navbar-sticky" role="banner">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header" id="wsLogo">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".main-navbar">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">
<img src="/assets/theme-2015/images/wireshark_logo.png"
srcset="/assets/theme-2015/images/wireshark_logo@2x.png 2x"
alt="">
</a>
</div>
<nav class="collapse navbar-collapse main-navbar" role="navigation">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li class="dropdown">
<a style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 700" href="/news/">News</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Get Acquainted <span style="font-size: 10px;">&#x25BC;</span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="/index.html#aboutWS">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/index.html#download">Download</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.wireshark.org/">Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="/code-of-conduct.html">Code of Conduct</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Get Help <span style="font-size: 10px;">&#x25BC;</span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="https://ask.wireshark.org/">Ask a Question</a>
</li>
<li><a href="/faq.html">FAQs</a>
</li>
<li><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a>
</li>
<li><a href="/lists/">Mailing Lists</a>
</li>
<li><a href="/tools/">Online Tools</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis">Wiki</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues">Issue Tracker</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Develop <span style="font-size: 10px;"> &#x25BC;</span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="/develop.html">Get Involved</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsdg_html_chunked/">Developer's Guide</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/tree/master">Browse the Code</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.wireshark.org/download/automated">Latest Builds</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 700" href="/shop">Shop</a>
</li>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav pull-right">
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://donate.stripe.com/dR6dSJ71E53x8IUcMM">Donate</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<article>
<span>
<p class="sharkfestbanner"><a style="color:#03a8de" href="https://donate.stripe.com/dR6dSJ71E53x8IUcMM" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">The Wireshark Foundation is now a non-profit! Support the project with a donation.</a></p>
</span>
<section class="section swatch-black section-text-shadow section-inner-shadow" style="padding: 80px">
<div class="background-media"
style="background-image: url('assets/theme-2015/images/home-intro.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: 50%;"
data-start="background-position:50% 50%" data-70-top-bottom="background-position:50% 70%">
</div>
<div class="background-overlay grid-overlay-70 "></div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center">
<header class="element-tall-top element-normal-bottom condensed" data-start="opacity:1"
data-center="opacity:1" data-100-top-bottom="opacity:0">
<div class="row " data-os-animation="" data-os-animation-delay="">
<div class="col-md-4 ">
<div class="element-medium-top element-medium-bottom text-center os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay=".0s">
<div
class="box box-round box-normal element-medium-top element-short-bottom os-animation">
<div class="box-dummy"></div>
<a class="box-inner grid-overlay-10" href="#download"
style="background-color:#e9e9e9;">
<i id="blueIcon" class="fa fa-download"></i>
</a>
</div>
<h1 class="normal bold bordered bordered-small ">
Download
</h1>
<h3 class="">Get Started Now</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 ">
<div class="element-medium-top element-medium-bottom text-center os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay=".15s">
<div class="box box-round box-normal">
<div class="box-dummy"></div>
<a class="box-inner grid-overlay-10" href="#learnWS"
style="background-color:#e9e9e9;">
<i class="fa fa-book big-button-icon"></i>
</a>
</div>
<h1 class="normal bold bordered bordered-small ">
Learn
</h1>
<h3 class="">Knowledge is Power</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 ">
<div class="element-medium-top element-medium-bottom text-center os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay=".3s">
<div class="box box-round box-normal">
<div class="box-dummy"></div>
<a class="box-inner grid-overlay-10 sharkfest-circle" href="#download"
id="profilelinks" style="background-color:#e9e9e9;">
<img class="sf-logo" src="assets/images/sflogo.png" alt="SharkFest icon">
</a>
</div>
<h1 class="normal bold bordered bordered-small ">
Go Beyond
</h1>
<h3 class="">With Wireshark Sponsors</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="aboutWS" class="section swatch-white">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 ">
<header class="text-center element-tall-top element-no-bottom os-animation condensed"
data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h1 class="bigger hairline bordered bordered-normal">About Wireshark
</h1>
</header>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px;" class="col-md-12">
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px!important; margin-top: 40px!important"
class="element-normal-top element-normal-bottom os-animation" data-os-animation="fadeInLeft"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<div class="tabbable tabls-below">
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" data-tabs="tabs">
<!-- Nav tabs -->
<li class="active"><a href="#1398253364-1-69" data-toggle="tab">About</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#1398253522514-2-10" data-toggle="tab">Awards and Accolades</a>
</li>
<li><a href="/about.html#authors">Authors</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="#11111" data-toggle="tab">SharkFest</a></li> -->
<li>
<a href="#13" data-toggle="tab">Wireshark Sponsors</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<!-- Tab panes -->
<div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="1398253364-1-69">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<p>
<strong>Wireshark</strong> is the world’s foremost and widely-used
network protocol analyzer. It lets you see what’s happening on your
network at a microscopic level and is the de facto (and often de jure)
standard across many commercial and non-profit enterprises, government
agencies, and educational institutions. Wireshark development thrives
thanks to the volunteer contributions of networking experts around the
globe and is the continuation of a project started by Gerald Combs in
1998.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Wireshark</strong> has a rich feature set which includes the
following:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Deep inspection of hundreds of protocols, with more being added all
the time</li>
<li>Live capture and offline analysis</li>
<li>Standard three-pane packet browser</li>
<li>Multi-platform: Runs on Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD,
NetBSD, and many others</li>
<li>Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the TTY-mode
TShark utility</li>
<li>The most powerful display filters in the industry</li>
<li>Rich VoIP analysis</li>
<li>Read/write many different capture file formats: tcpdump (libpcap),
Pcap NG, Catapult DCT2000, Cisco Secure IDS iplog, Microsoft Network
Monitor, Network General Sniffer® (compressed and uncompressed),
Sniffer® Pro, and NetXray®, Network Instruments Observer, NetScreen
snoop, Novell LANalyzer, RADCOM WAN/LAN Analyzer, Shomiti/Finisar
Surveyor, Tektronix K12xx, Visual Networks Visual UpTime,
WildPackets EtherPeek/TokenPeek/AiroPeek, and many others</li>
<li>Capture files compressed with gzip can be decompressed on the fly
</li>
<li>Live data can be read from Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP/HDLC, ATM,
Bluetooth, USB, Token Ring, Frame Relay, FDDI, and others (depending
on your platform)</li>
<li>Decryption support for many protocols, including IPsec, ISAKMP,
Kerberos, SNMPv3, SSL/TLS, WEP, and WPA/WPA2</li>
<li>Coloring rules can be applied to the packet list for quick,
intuitive analysis</li>
<li>Output can be exported to XML, PostScript®, CSV, or plain text</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="1398253522514-2-10">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<p>
<a href="https://awards.acm.org/award_winners/combs_0228059">Gerald
Combs receives ACM Software System Award</a><br>
<a
href="http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/The-Most-Important-OpenSource-Apps-of-All-Time/5/">eWeek
• The Most Important Open-Source Apps of All Time</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2360038,00.asp">PC
Magazine • Editor's Choice</a><br>
<a href="http://www.siteadvisor.com/sites/wireshark.org">McAfee
SiteAdvisor</a>
<br>
<a href="http://sectools.org/">Insecure.Org / Sectools.Org</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="11111">
<div class="text-align-left element-no-top element-no-bottom"
data-os-animation="none" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h2>What is SharkFest?</h2>
<p><a href="https://sharkfest.wireshark.org">SharkFest</a>™, launched in
2008, is a series of annual educational conferences staged in various
parts of the globe and focused on sharing knowledge, experience and best
practices among the <a href="https://wireshark.org">Wireshark</a>®
developer and user communities.
<p>
<p>SharkFest attendees hone their skills in the art of packet analysis by
attending lecture and lab-based sessions delivered by the most seasoned
experts in the industry. Wireshark core code contributors also gather
during the conference days to enrich and evolve the tool to maintain its
relevance in ensuring the productivity of modern networks.</p>
<p>Learn more about SharkFest in our <a href="/assets/images/faq.pdf">FAQ
PDF</a>.</p>
<h2>SharkFest Mission</h2>
<p>SharkFest’s aim is to support ongoing Wireshark development, to educate
and inspire current and future generations of computer science and IT
professionals responsible for managing, troubleshooting, diagnosing and
securing legacy and modern networks, and to encourage widespread use of
the free analysis tool. Per Gerald Combs, Wireshark project Founder
…“Wireshark is a tool and a community. My job is to support both”.</p>
<h2>SharkFest GOALS</h2>
<ol>
<li>To educate current and future generations of network engineers,
network architects, application engineers, network consultants, and
other IT professionals in best practices for troubleshooting,
securing, analyzing, and maintaining productive, efficient
networking infrastructures through use of the Wireshark free, open
source analysis tool.</li>
<li>To share use cases and knowledge among members of the Wireshark user
and developer communities in a relaxed, informal milieu.</li>
<li>To remain a self-funded, independent, educational conference hosted
by a corporate sponsor.</li>
</ol>
<h2>SharkFest Conferences</h2>
<h3><a href="https://sharkfest.wireshark.org/">SharkFest'23</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>TBD</li>
<li>Location: TBD</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" style="min-height: 63vh; overflow: hidden;" id="13">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12">
<p>The Wireshark Foundation is profoundly grateful to the
organizations that have generously supported SharkFest™
educational conferences over the years. Please join us in
thanking them by reviewing their Wireshark use-enhancing
technology, training, and services either at a SharkFest event,
or through clicking on their ads below.</p>
<!-- <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 banner-padding">
<a href="https://www.profitap.com"><img class="banner-img" src="assets/theme-2015/sponsors/profitap.jpg" alt="Profitap"></a>
</div> -->
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 banner-padding">
<a
href="https://sysdig.com/blog/wireshark-creator-joins-sysdig/"><img
class="banner-img"
src="assets/theme-2015/cards/sysdig.png"
alt="Sysdig"></a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 banner-padding">
<a href="/sponsors/scos-training"><img
src="assets/theme-2015/sponsors/scos-ad.jpg"
alt="Scos Training"></a>
</div>
<!-- <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 banner-padding">
<a href="https://www.fmad.io/?ts=781c07c783ef4f5d5258aa61ff527255"><img src="assets/theme-2015/sponsors/fmadio.jpg" alt="fmadio"></a>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="learnWS" class="section swatch-blue">
<div class="background-overlay grid-overlay-20 " style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);"></div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 ">
<header class="text-center element-tall-top element-no-bottom os-animation condensed"
data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h1 class="bigger hairline bordered bordered-normal">Learn Wireshark
</h1>
</header>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary element-normal-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay="0.2s">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">
Wireshark Training
</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body swatch-gray">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h4>SharkFest™ Wireshark Educational Conferences</h4>
<p>Join Gerald Combs, Hansang Bae, Kary Rogers, Sake Blok, Jasper Bongertz, Christian
Landström, Phill Shade, and many other packet analysis experts at <a
href="https://sharkfest.wireshark.org/">SharkFest</a>, an immersive
Wireshark training experience.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://sharkfest.wireshark.org" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">SharkFest'23</a> TBD</li>
</ul>
<p>Contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#3a49525b48515c5f494e7a4d53485f49525b48511455485d"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="33405b5241585556404773445a4156405b5241581d5c4154">[email&#160;protected]</span></a> for more
info.</p>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3HdKhen0Gqw" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7bfUSXJPHPs" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<h4>Wireshark University USA Training - Packet Pioneer - Chris Greer</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>Udemy<strong>: <a
href="https://www.bit.ly/udemywireshark" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">Getting Started with Wireshark – The Ultimate Hands-On Course</a></li>
<li><strong>Virtual Course - January 23rd and 24th, 2023. 8am-3:30pm Pacific Time USA<strong>: <a
href="https://www.bit.ly/virtualwireshark" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">TCP/IP Deep Dive with Wireshark – Getting Started with Packet Analysis</a></li>
<li>
<strong>
On-Demand Wireshark Training
</strong>:
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopenner noreferrer"
href="https://bit.ly/wiresharktcp">Foundational TCP
Analysis with Wireshark</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopenner noreferrer"
href="https://bit.ly/wiresharkcyber">Wireshark
Configuration for Cybersecurity Analysis</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopenner noreferrer"
href="https://bit.ly/wiresharktshoot">Troubleshooting
Slow Networks with Wireshark</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopenner noreferrer"
href="https://bit.ly/wiresharkhunt">Identify Common
Cyber Network Attacks with Wireshark</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Private Wireshark Training - Anywhere in USA and Latin America. <a
href="https://packetpioneer.com/contact/" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">Contact Packet
Pioneer today!</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Wireshark University Europe/EMEA - <a href="https://scos.training/">SCOS Training
Europe</a></h4>
<ul>
<li>October 24th-28th 2022: Classroom Training, Leipzig / Germany: <a
href="https://scos.training/wireshark-training/troubleshooting-tcp-ip-networks">TCP/IP
Analysis and Troubleshooting with Wireshark</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Classroom and Virtual Courses:</h4>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://scos.training/wireshark-training/troubleshooting-tcp-ip-networks">TCP/IP
Analysis and Troubleshooting with Wireshark (5 days)</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://scos.training/wireshark-training/advanced-network-security-analysis/">Advanced
Network/Security Analysis using Open Source Tools (5 days)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://scos.training/network-training/wifi-802-11-network-analysis/">WiFi
/ 802.11 Network Analysis and Security (5 days)</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://scos.training/wireshark-training/network-forensics-analysis-using-wireshark/">Network
Forensics Analysis Using Wireshark (5 days)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>For in-company and Special Law Enforcement/Forensics Courses, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#93fafdf5fcd3e0f0fce0bde7e1f2fafdfafdf4"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="80e9eee6efc0f3e3eff3aef4f2e1e9eee9eee7">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-13">
<div class="panel panel-primary element-normal-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay="0.2s">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">
User Documentation
</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body swatch-gray">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h4><a href="https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked">User's Guide</a></h4>
<p>
<strong>The Wireshark User's Guide is available in several formats: </strong>
<br>
Web pages (browseable): <a href="https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html">One
huge page</a> or <a
href="https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked">multiple
pages</a><br>
Web pages (ZIP file): <a
href="https://www.wireshark.org/download/docs/wsug_html.zip">One huge
page</a> or <a
href="https://www.wireshark.org/download/docs/wsug_html_chunked.zip">multiple
pages</a><br>
<a
href="https://www.wireshark.org/download/docs/Wireshark%20User%27s%20Guide.epub">EPUB</a><br>
<a
href="https://www.wireshark.org/download/docs/Wireshark%20User%27s%20Guide.pdf">PDF</a>
</p>
<h4><a href="/docs/man-pages/">Command-line Manual Pages</a></h4>
<p>UNIX-style man pages for Wireshark, TShark, dumpcap, and other utilities</p>
<h4><a href="/docs/dfref/">Display Filter Reference</a></h4>
<p>All of Wireshark's display filters, from version 1.0.0 to present.</p>
<h4><a href="/docs/relnotes/">Release Notes</a></h4>
<p>Version 0.99.2 to present.
<h4><a href="/security/">Security Advisories</a></h4>
<p>Information about vulnerabilities in past releases and how to report a
vulnerability</p>
<h4><a href="/bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h4>
<p>Books, articles, videos and more!</p>
<h4><a href="/mirror.html">Mirroring Instructions</a></h4>
<p>How to set up a wireshark.org mirror</p>
<h4><a href="/export.html">Export Regulations</a></h4>
<p>Our primary distribution point and how it affects you</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary element-normal-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay="0.2s">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">
Videos and Presentations
</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body swatch-gray">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h4><a href="http://sharkfest.wireshark.org/">SharkFest Retrospective Pages</a></h4>
<p>
<a href="http://sharkfest.wireshark.org/">SharkFest</a> features presentations from
a variety of knowledgeable, informative speakers.
</p>
<ul class="learnList">
<li><a href="https://sharkfestus.wireshark.org/retrospective">SharkFest US</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sharkfestasia.wireshark.org/retrospective">SharkFest ASIA</a>
</li>
<li><a href="http://sharkfesteurope.wireshark.org/retrospective">SharkFest
Europe</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Videos</h4>
<h4><strong>Take the free “Introduction to Wireshark” Tutorial series with
Chris</strong></h4>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OU-A2EmVrKQ" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<h4><strong>Top 10 Wireshark Filters </strong>Follow Chris as he shows you the top
filters you need to know to start shredding</h4>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/68t07-KOH9Y" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<h4><strong>TCP Fundamentals Part 1 - SharkFest Talks </strong>Join Chris at SharkFest
when he covered the core concepts of TCP Analysis
shredding</h4>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xdQ9sgpkrX8" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<h4><strong>How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the PCAPs </strong>(Kary Rogers)
</h4>
<iframe width="300" height="169" style="padding: 10px; border: none"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1JR1WnxtLGA" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-13">
<div class="panel panel-primary element-normal-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay="0.2s">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">
More Resources
</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body swatch-gray">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h4><a href="http://ask.wireshark.org/">Wireshark Q&amp;A <i
class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions <i
class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a href="/lists/">Mailing Lists <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a href="/tools/">Online Tools <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a href="https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis">Wireshark Wiki <i
class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a href="https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues">Issue Tracker <i
class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
<h4><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHBY7sUVdWK4bOSe7khG0UA?sub_confirmation=1">SharkFest
YouTube <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-body swatch-gray">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h4>Wireshark and SharkFest blogs</h4>
<p>
<a href="https://blog.wireshark.org/2019/07/dedication-and-disagreements/">Dedication
and Disagreements (Gerald Combs)</a><br>
<a href="https://jvns.ca/blog/2018/06/19/what-i-use-wireshark-for/">How I use
Wireshark (Julia Evans)</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="news" class="section swatch-gray">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<header class="text-center element-tall-top element-medium-bottom os-animation condensed"
data-os-animation="fadeIn" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h1 class="bigger hairline bordered bordered-small">
News and Events
</h1>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 news-centered">
<div class="figure element-medium-top element-no-bottom os-animation text-center news-wrapper"
data-os-animation="fadeInLeft" data-os-animation-delay="0.3s">
<span class="figure-image">
<a href="#"><img src="assets/theme-2015/images/sflogo2.png"
style="margin-bottom: 20px;" alt="Devices"></a>
</span>
<ul class="features-list element-no-top element-no-bottom features-white"
data-linecolor="" data-os-animation="none" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<li class="element-no-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInRight" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h3>
<a href="https://sharkfesteurope.wireshark.org" target="_blank"
rel="noopenner noreferrer">SharkFest'23</a>
</h3>
<p>Wireshark Developer and User Conference<br>
Dates: TBD<br>
Location: TBD</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="download" class="section swatch-black section-text-shadow section-inner-shadow">
<div class="background-media"
style="background-image: url('assets/theme-2015/images/background1.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: 50%;"
data-start="background-position:50% 50%" data-70-top-bottom="background-position:50% 70%">
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-left">
<header class="text-center element-normal-top element-no-bottom not-condensed os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInUp" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<h1 style="text-shadow: 1px 2px 1px #000;" class="bigger hairline bordered bordered-normal">
<strong>Download Wireshark</strong>
</h1>
</header>
<p style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;"><strong>
The current stable release of Wireshark is 4.0.2.
</strong></p>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12">
<div id="accordion_836" class="panel-group element-short-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInLeft" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<div class="panel panel-primary panel-ws-download">
<div class="panel-heading">
<a href="#group_873" class="accordion-toggle" data-parent="#accordion_836"
data-toggle="collapse">Stable Release (4.0.2) • <span
class="weak">December 7, 2022</span></a>
</div>
<div id="group_873" class="panel-collapse collapse in">
<div class="panel-body">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<p>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-win64"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win64/Wireshark-win64-4.0.2.exe">Windows
Installer (64-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win64/WiresharkPortable64_4.0.2.paf.exe">Windows
PortableApps&reg; (64-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-macarm"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/osx/Wireshark%204.0.2%20Arm%2064.dmg">macOS
Arm 64-bit .dmg</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-macintel"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/osx/Wireshark%204.0.2%20Intel%2064.dmg">macOS
Intel 64-bit .dmg</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/src/wireshark-4.0.2.tar.xz">Source
Code</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-primary panel-ws-download">
<div class="panel-heading">
<a href="#group_890" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-parent="#accordion_836"
data-toggle="collapse">Old Stable Release (3.6.10) • <span
class="weak">December 7, 2022</span></a>
</div>
<div id="group_890" class="panel-collapse collapse ">
<div class="panel-body">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<p>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-win64"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win64/Wireshark-win64-3.6.10.exe">Windows
Installer (64-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win64/WiresharkPortable64_3.6.10.paf.exe">Windows
PortableApps&reg; (64-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-win32"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win32/Wireshark-win32-3.6.10.exe">Windows
Installer (32-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/win32/WiresharkPortable32_3.6.10.paf.exe">Windows
PortableApps&reg; (32-bit)</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-macarm"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/osx/Wireshark%203.6.10%20Arm%2064.dmg">macOS
Arm 64-bit .dmg</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow platform-macintel"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/osx/Wireshark%203.6.10%20Intel%2064.dmg">macOS
Intel 64-bit .dmg</a>
<br>
<span class="dl_arrow"></span>
<a
href="https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org/src/wireshark-3.6.10.tar.xz">Source
Code</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<a href="#group_898" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-parent="#accordion_836"
data-toggle="collapse">Documentation</a>
</div>
<div id="group_898" class="panel-collapse collapse ">
<div class="panel-body">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<p>
<a href="/docs/wsug_html_chunked/">Online (Multiple Pages)</a>
<br>
<a href="/docs/wsug_html/">Online (Single Page)</a>
<br>
<a href="/docs/">All Documentation</a><br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;"><strong>
More downloads and documentation can be found on<br>
the <a href="/download.html">downloads page</a>.
</strong></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12">
<div class="panel-group element-short-top element-short-bottom os-animation"
data-os-animation="fadeInLeft" data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<div class="panel panel-primary ">
<div class="panel-heading">
<a> <span class="weak">Wireshark Sponsors</span></a>
</div>
<div class="panel-collapse collapse in">
<div class="panel-body">
<div class=" element-no-top element-no-bottom" data-os-animation="none"
data-os-animation-delay="0s">
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-align-center dl-banners">
<a href="https://www.comworth.com.sg/swiftwing/?from=wireshark"><img
class="banner-img-downloads"
src="assets/theme-2015/cards/comworth.png" alt="Comworth"></a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-align-center dl-banners">
<a
href="https://www.endace.com/endaceprobe?utm_source=wireshark&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=dl-page"><img
class="banner-img-downloads"
src="assets/theme-2015/cards/endace.png" alt="Endace"></a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-align-center dl-banners">
<a href="https://fmad.io/001bbf9ab910b0556e4b666b370abffb.html"><img
class="banner-img-downloads"
src="assets/theme-2015/sponsors/fmadio.png" alt="fmadio"></a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-align-center dl-banners">
<a href="/sponsors/scos-training"><img class="banner-img-downloads"
src="assets/theme-2015/sponsors/scos-ad.jpg"
alt="Scos Training"></a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-align-center dl-banners"></div>
<a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/">
<img src="https://opensource.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/attribution/assets/PoweredByDO/DO_Powered_by_Badge_blue.svg"
alt="DigitalOcean" width="200" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</article>
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/mirrors.js?geo=1"></script>
<script src="/assets/js/fill_dl.js"></script>
<script>
function init_dl() {
update_dl_elements(".panel-ws-download", "https://1.na.dl.wireshark.org");
}
if (document.readyState != 'loading') {
init_dl();
} else {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init_dl);
}
</script>
</div>
<footer>
<span id="tm-notice">
Wireshark and the "fin" logo are registered trademarks.
┃ <a rel="me" href="https://twitter.com/wiresharknews">Twitter</a>
┃ <a rel="me" href="youtube.com/c/sharkFestWiresharkDeveloperandUserConference">YouTube</a>
┃ <a rel="me" href="https://ioc.exchange/@wireshark">Mastodon</a>
┃ <a rel="me" href="https://www.facebook.com/SHARKFEST-Wireshark-Network-Analysis-Conference-51502216870/">Facebook</a>
┃ <a href="https://sysdig.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a>
</span>
<span class="pull-right">
<a onclick="scrollToTop();return false;" href="#"><i class="icon-arrow-up"></i></a>
<a href="#">Back to top</a>
</span>
<!-- powered by <a href="http://mynt.mirroredwhite.com/">mynt</a> and Bootstrap -->
</footer>
<!-- Google Analytics -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-605389-2']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
$(window).on('load', function () {
var ga_src = 'https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
$.ajax({ cache: true, dataType: "script", url: ga_src });
});
</script>
<!-- / Google Analytics -->
<script src="/assets/theme-2015/js/packages.min.js"></script>
<script src="/assets/theme-2015/js/theme.min.js"></script>
<script src="/assets/theme-2015/js/switcher.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

360
m239/90 - Tools/ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
View File

@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
<!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
<title>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />
<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../fr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../ko/programs/ab.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../tr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
</div>
<p><code>ab</code> is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to give you an impression
of how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows
you how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of
serving.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#output">Output</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bugs">Bugs</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
<p><code><strong>ab</strong>
[ -<strong>A</strong> <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
[ -<strong>b</strong> <var>windowsize</var> ]
[ -<strong>B</strong> <var>local-address</var> ]
[ -<strong>c</strong> <var>concurrency</var> ]
[ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var> ]
[ -<strong>d</strong> ]
[ -<strong>e</strong> <var>csv-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>E</strong> <var>client-certificate file</var> ]
[ -<strong>f</strong> <var>protocol</var> ]
[ -<strong>g</strong> <var>gnuplot-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>h</strong> ]
[ -<strong>H</strong> <var>custom-header</var> ]
[ -<strong>i</strong> ]
[ -<strong>k</strong> ]
[ -<strong>l</strong> ]
[ -<strong>m</strong> <var>HTTP-method</var> ]
[ -<strong>n</strong> <var>requests</var> ]
[ -<strong>p</strong> <var>POST-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>P</strong> <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
[ -<strong>q</strong> ]
[ -<strong>r</strong> ]
[ -<strong>s</strong> <var>timeout</var> ]
[ -<strong>S</strong> ]
[ -<strong>t</strong> <var>timelimit</var> ]
[ -<strong>T</strong> <var>content-type</var> ]
[ -<strong>u</strong> <var>PUT-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>v</strong> <var>verbosity</var>]
[ -<strong>V</strong> ]
[ -<strong>w</strong> ]
[ -<strong>x</strong> <var>&lt;table&gt;-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>X</strong> <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>] ]
[ -<strong>y</strong> <var>&lt;tr&gt;-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>z</strong> <var>&lt;td&gt;-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>Z</strong> <var>ciphersuite</var> ]
[http[s]://]<var>hostname</var>[:<var>port</var>]/<var>path</var></code></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a></h2>
<dl>
<dt><code>-A <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
<dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and
password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on the wire
base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs
it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 401 authentication needed).</dd>
<dt><code>-b <var>windowsize</var></code></dt>
<dd>Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes.</dd>
<dt><code>-B <var>local-address</var></code></dt>
<dd>Address to bind to when making outgoing connections.</dd>
<dt><code>-c <var>concurrency</var></code></dt>
<dd>Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one
request at a time.</dd>
<dt><code>-C <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var></code></dt>
<dd>Add a <code>Cookie:</code> line to the request. The argument is
typically in the form of a <code><var>name</var>=<var>value</var></code>
pair. This field is repeatable.</dd>
<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
<dd>Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy
support).</dd>
<dt><code>-e <var>csv-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each
percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve
that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the
'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.</dd>
<dt><code>-E <var>client-certificate-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>When connecting to an SSL website, use the provided client certificate
in PEM format to authenticate with the server. The file is expected to
contain the client certificate, followed by intermediate certificates,
followed by the private key. Available in 2.4.36 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-f <var>protocol</var></code></dt>
<dd>Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, or ALL).
TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 support available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-g <var>gnuplot-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate
values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot,
IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of
the file. </dd>
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
<dd>Display usage information.</dd>
<dt><code>-H <var>custom-header</var></code></dt>
<dd>Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in
the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value
pair (<em>i.e.</em>, <code>"Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit"</code>).</dd>
<dt><code>-i</code></dt>
<dd>Do <code>HEAD</code> requests instead of <code>GET</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-k</code></dt>
<dd>Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, <em>i.e.</em>, perform multiple
requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.</dd>
<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
<dd>Do not report errors if the length of the responses is not constant. This
can be useful for dynamic pages.
Available in 2.4.7 and later.
</dd>
<dt><code>-m <var>HTTP-method</var></code></dt>
<dd>Custom HTTP method for the requests.
Available in 2.4.10 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-n <var>requests</var></code></dt>
<dd>Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default
is to just perform a single request which usually leads to
non-representative benchmarking results.</dd>
<dt><code>-p <var>POST-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>File containing data to POST. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-P <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
<dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The
username and password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on
the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the
proxy needs it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 407 proxy authentication
needed).</dd>
<dt><code>-q</code></dt>
<dd>When processing more than 150 requests, <code>ab</code> outputs a
progress count on <code>stderr</code> every 10% or 100 requests or so. The
<code>-q</code> flag will suppress these messages.</dd>
<dt><code>-r</code></dt>
<dd>Don't exit on socket receive errors.</dd>
<dt><code>-s <var>timeout</var></code></dt>
<dd>Maximum number of seconds to wait before the socket times out.
Default is 30 seconds.
Available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-S</code></dt>
<dd>Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display
the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than
one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the
min/avg/max values. (legacy support).</dd>
<dt><code>-t <var>timelimit</var></code></dt>
<dd>Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a
<code>-n 50000</code> internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a
fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.</dd>
<dt><code>-T <var>content-type</var></code></dt>
<dd>Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
<code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>.
Default is <code>text/plain</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-u <var>PUT-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-v <var>verbosity</var></code></dt>
<dd>Set verbosity level - <code>4</code> and above prints information on
headers, <code>3</code> and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.),
<code>2</code> and above prints warnings and info.</dd>
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
<dd>Display version number and exit.</dd>
<dt><code>-w</code></dt>
<dd>Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide,
with a white background.</dd>
<dt><code>-x <var>&lt;table&gt;-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code>&lt;table&gt;</code>. Attributes
are inserted <code>&lt;table <var>here</var> &gt;</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-X <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>]</code></dt>
<dd>Use a proxy server for the requests.</dd>
<dt><code>-y <var>&lt;tr&gt;-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code>&lt;tr&gt;</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-z <var>&lt;td&gt;-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code>&lt;td&gt;</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-Z <var>ciphersuite</var></code></dt>
<dd>Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)</dd>
</dl>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="output" id="output">Output</a></h2>
<p>The following list describes the values returned by <code>ab</code>:
</p>
<dl>
<dt>Server Software</dt>
<dd>The value, if any, returned in the <var>server</var> HTTP header
of the first successful response. This includes all characters in the
header from beginning to the point a character with decimal value of 32
(most notably: a space or CR/LF) is detected.</dd>
<dt>Server Hostname</dt>
<dd>The DNS or IP address given on the command line</dd>
<dt>Server Port</dt>
<dd>The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the
command line, this will default to 80 for http and 443 for
https.</dd>
<dt>SSL/TLS Protocol</dt>
<dd>The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server.
This will only be printed if SSL is used.</dd>
<dt>Document Path</dt>
<dd>The request URI parsed from the command line string.</dd>
<dt>Document Length</dt>
<dd>This is the size in bytes of the first successfully returned document.
If the document length changes during testing, the response is
considered an error.</dd>
<dt>Concurrency Level</dt>
<dd>The number of concurrent clients used during the test</dd>
<dt>Time taken for tests</dt>
<dd>This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection
is created to the moment the last response is received</dd>
<dt>Complete requests</dt>
<dd>The number of successful responses received</dd>
<dt>Failed requests</dt>
<dd>The number of requests that were considered a failure. If the
number is greater than zero, another line will be printed showing the
number of requests that failed due to connecting, reading, incorrect
content length, or exceptions.</dd>
<dt>Write errors</dt>
<dd>The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).</dd>
<dt>Non-2xx responses</dt>
<dd>The number of responses that were not in the 200 series of response
codes. If all responses were 200, this field is not printed.</dd>
<dt>Keep-Alive requests</dt>
<dd>The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests</dd>
<dt>Total body sent</dt>
<dd>If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total
number of bytes sent during the tests. This field is omitted if the test
did not include a body to send.</dd>
<dt>Total transferred</dt>
<dd>The total number of bytes received from the server. This number
is essentially the number of bytes sent over the wire.</dd>
<dt>HTML transferred</dt>
<dd>The total number of document bytes received from the server. This
number excludes bytes received in HTTP headers</dd>
<dt>Requests per second</dt>
<dd>This is the number of requests per second. This value is the result
of dividing the number of requests by the total time taken</dd>
<dt>Time per request</dt>
<dd>The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated
with the formula <code>concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done</code>
while the second value is calculated with the formula
<code>timetaken * 1000 / done</code></dd>
<dt>Transfer rate</dt>
<dd>The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula
<code>totalread / 1024 / timetaken</code></dd>
</dl>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="bugs" id="bugs">Bugs</a></h2>
<p>There are various statically declared buffers of fixed length. Combined
with the lazy parsing of the command line arguments, the response headers
from the server and other external inputs, this might bite you.</p>
<p>It does not implement HTTP/1.x fully; only accepts some 'expected' forms
of responses. The rather heavy use of <code>strstr(3)</code> shows up top
in profile, which might indicate a performance problem; <em>i.e.</em>, you
would measure the <code>ab</code> performance rather than the server's.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../fr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../ko/programs/ab.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../tr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var comments_shortname = 'httpd';
var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/programs/ab.html';
(function(w, d) {
if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {
d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
var s = d.createElement('script');
s.type = 'text/javascript';
s.async = true;
s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
(d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
}
else {
d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');
}
})(window, document);
//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer">
<p class="apache">Copyright 2022 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {
prettyPrint();
}
//--><!]]></script>
</body></html>